The free standing and dimensionally stable gel polymer electrolyte films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN): potassium iodide (KI) of different compositions, using ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide as solvent, are prepared by adopting 'solution casting technique' and these films are examined for their conductivities. The structural, miscibility and the chemical rapport between PAN and KI are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The conductivity is enhanced with the increase in KI concentration and temperature. The maximum conductivity at 30 • C is found to be 2.089 × 10 −5 S cm −1 for PAN:KI (70:30) wt%, which is nine orders greater than that of pure PAN (<10 −14 S cm −1). The conductivity-temperature dependence of these polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius behaviour with activation energy ranging from 0.358 to 0.478 eV. The conducting carriers of charge transport in these polymer electrolyte films are identified by Wagner's polarization technique and it is found that the charge transport is predominantly due to ions. The better conducting sample is used to fabricate the battery with configuration K/PAN + KI/I 2 + C + electrolyte and good discharge characteristics of battery are observed.
Sodium ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with ethylene carbonate and dimethyl formamide as plasticizing solvents are prepared by the solution cast technique. These electrolyte films are free standing, transparent and dimensionally stable. Na ? ions are derived from NaI. The structural properties of pure and complex formations have been examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies and differential scanning calorimetric studies. The variation of the conductivity with salt concentration ranging from 10 to 40 wt% is studied. The sample containing 30 wt% of NaI exhibits the highest conductivity of 2.35 9 10 -4 S cm -1 at room temperature (303 K) and 1 9 10 -3 S cm -1 at 373 K. The conductivity-temperature dependence of polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius behavior with activation energy in the range of 0.25-0.46 eV. The transport numbers both electronic (t e ) and ionic (t i ) are evaluated using Wagner's polarization technique. It is revealed that the conducting species are predominantly due to ions. The ionic transport number of highest conducting film is found to be 0.991. Solid-state battery with configuration Na/(PAN ? NaI)/(I 2 ? C ? electrolyte) is developed using the highest conducting gel polymer electrolyte system and the discharge characteristics of the cell are evaluated over the load of 100 KX.
Polymers play a major role in the development of drug delivery technology by release of two types of drugs like hydrophilic and hydrophobic. In a synchronized manner and constant release of formulations over extended periods. There are numerous advantages of polymers acting as an inert carrier to which a drug can be conjugated, for example the polymer improves the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biopharmaceuticals through various ways, like plasma ½ life, decreases the immunogenicity, build ups the stability of biopharmaceuticals, improves the solubility of low molecular weight drugs, and has a potential of targeted drug delivery. However they have their own limitations, such as the naturals polymers are most abundant and biodegradable but are difficult to reproduce and purify. Synthetic polymers have high immunogenicity, which prevent their long term usage. Non-biodegradable polymers are needed to be sugary after they release the drug at the targeted site. The general characteristic features that makes the polymer a potential candidate for drug delivery include, safety, efficacy, hydrophilicity, absence immunogenicity biological inactivity, sufficient pharmacokinetics, and presence of functional groups for covalent conjugation of drugs, targeting moieties, or formation of copolymer.
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