Ionic conductivity and battery characteristic studies of a new PAN-based Na+ ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte system

Abstract

Sodium ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with ethylene carbonate and dimethyl formamide as plasticizing solvents are prepared by the solution cast technique. These electrolyte films are free standing, transparent and dimensionally stable. Na ? ions are derived from NaI. The structural properties of pure and complex formations have been examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies and differential scanning calorimetric studies. The variation of the conductivity with salt concentration ranging from 10 to 40 wt% is studied. The sample containing 30 wt% of NaI exhibits the highest conductivity of 2.35 9 10 -4 S cm -1 at room temperature (303 K) and 1 9 10 -3 S cm -1 at 373 K. The conductivity-temperature dependence of polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius behavior with activation energy in the range of 0.25-0.46 eV. The transport numbers both electronic (t e ) and ionic (t i ) are evaluated using Wagner's polarization technique. It is revealed that the conducting species are predominantly due to ions. The ionic transport number of highest conducting film is found to be 0.991. Solid-state battery with configuration Na/(PAN ? NaI)/(I 2 ? C ? electrolyte) is developed using the highest conducting gel polymer electrolyte system and the discharge characteristics of the cell are evaluated over the load of 100 KX.

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“…This interaction will disrupt the order arrangement of the polymer chain and increase the amorphous content. Furthermore, at a higher salt content, the crystallinity of the polymer will increase with the presence of some undissociated salt in the electrolyte system …”

“…As a result, it will cause a decrease in mobility charge carriers. Another example was described by Krishna et al (2016) . They express that a large amount of sodium iodide salt (NaI) added to the PAN polymer matrix will lead to an increased level of viscosity.…”

Modification in the microstructure of sodium carboxymethylcellulose/polyvinyl alcohol polyblend films through the incorporation of NaNO 3 for energy storage applications

“…A value of t ion was 0.99, indicating 99% of the carriers are ions and the rest 1% are electrons 76 . Using the transference number and the bulk conductivity ( σ ) obtained from EIS measurement, one can calculate the ionic ( σ ion ) and electronic conductivity ( σ electronic ) using Equations () and (). …”

Overview and perspectives of solid electrolytes for sodium batteries

“…To hinder the crystallinity of PVDF, HFP is linked to form PVDF–HFP augmenting the ionic conduction 77 . Similarly, PAN comprising a strong electron pulling C≡N group demonstrates commendable oxidation resistance, anode metal compatibility, wider voltage stability, ionic conduction with salt, and higher transference number than PEO 78 . On the other hand, the higher glass transition and melting temperature for PVDF and PAN make the derived polymer electrolyte mechanically stiffer than PEO making the interface sturdy with sluggish ion kinetics.…”