Based on the available data in the literature and personal results, a system of in vitro tests, consisting of two levels of selection, was proposed for assessment of hemocompatible properties of polymers. The first level consists of rapid methods for preliminary assessment (clotting time, hemolytic activity of the sample, and number of adhesive platelets). The second level involves methods for final selection and consists of measurement of the kinetics of the initial stages of adsorption of albumin, the degree of activation of the complement system, the intensity of radical oxidation of the lipid fraction of the blood, and the degree of platelet spreading. Comparative experimental assessment of these methods was conducted with a number of polymers and revealed the confidence limits for the application of each test and suggested quantitative criteria for selection.
Analysis of 350 different sources of information from leading countries of the world enabled us to determine the availability of 20 different designs of centrifugal and rotary blood pumps. Most of them are for extracorporeal applications with radial pumping wheels of disc or vane type. The prospect of improving these designs was suggested by a combination of these two types. Five new designs based on the Biomedicus have been produced. Basic calculations are given for one of these with respect to limitations for shear stresses. It is proposed that the suggested designs will allow reductions in thrombosis and haemolysis which are the main problems for these pump designs.
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