Centrifugal blood pumps — a brief analysis: development of new designs

Leschinsky, BM; Itkin, G. P.; Zimin, N. K.

doi:10.1177/026765919100600206

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Impeller uses vanes on a rotating shaft, and centrifugal pumps uses three concentric cones. [13] Roller pump is nearly occlusive, afterload independent, Its advantages are: require low prime volume, low cost, no potential for backflow. Disvadntages are: produce excessive positive and negative pressure that can cause tubing rupture, potential for massive air embolism, necessary occlusion adjustments, requires close supervision.…”

Section: Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracorporeal Circulation in Cardiac Surgery: Inflammatory response, controversies and Future Directions

2015

Int Arch Med

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One of the milestones in the history of the cardiac surgery is the development of extracorporeal circulation, which allowed hundreds of thousands of patients under successful open cardiac surgery. It´s objective is to maintain the vital organ´s perfusion, provide a bloodless field for surgery, and at the same time, give protection to the heart and lungs. Its principle is to bring most or all of the patient's systemic blood, which normally returns to the right atrium, into an oxygenator in which oxygen is supplied to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed. The arterialized blood is filtered, heated and, pumped into the aorta and the systemic arterial system. But this continuous blood recirculation through nonendothelial surfaces of the perfusion system produces an inflammatory response. Despite all the advantages and strategies developed to try to make the most physiological condition during the extracorporeal circulation, there are still persistent controversies, which we are going to review, as well as the inflammatory response produced by the perfusion system, and it´s future directions.

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Section: Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracorporeal Circulation in Cardiac Surgery: Inflammatory response, controversies and Future Directions

2015

Int Arch Med

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“…Earlier designs incorporated shafts, seals, and bearings that can result in significant hemolysis caused by shear stress and turbulent flow . Newer designs utilize magnetic levitation to suspend and spin the impeller that reduces friction by eliminating bearings that minimizes heat .…”

Section: Pump Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Hemolysis Between CentriMag and RotaFlow Rotary Blood Pumps During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

et al. 2013

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The purpose of this investigation was to compare the hemolysis levels for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) incorporating two different rotary blood pumps (CentriMag [CMAG] and RotaFlow [RF]) in identical circuits otherwise. The difference between the two pumps is the cost. One is 20-30 times less expensive than the other. A retrospective analysis of all patients placed on ECMO from June 2008 through May 2012 was done to evaluate hemolysis. Daily plasma hemoglobin (pHb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate levels were collected on all patients. Values were compared between those patients who received a CMAG and those who received an RF. Patients had to be on ECMO for more than 2 days to be included in the study. Linear mixed effects models were fit to the data to assess differences over time for each continuous outcome. Forty patients were placed on ECMO incorporating CMAG, whereas 40 patients received an RF. There were no significant statistical differences between CMAG and RF groups when comparing days on support (8.7 ± 5.0; 8.4 ± 5.7), age (44.8 ± 18.3; 46.1 ± 16.0), body surface area (2.03 ± 0.36; 1.96 ± 0.31), gender (male: 58%, female: 42%; male: 55%, female: 45%), etiology, type of support (veno-arterial [VA)]: 78%, veno-venous [VV)]: 22%; VA: 82%, VV: 18%) and pre-ECMO LDH levels (4004.0 ± 3583.2; 3603.7 ± 3354.1). There were also no significant differences between the CMAG and RF groups when comparing the mean values for daily pHb levels (5.7 ± 3.6; 5.7 ± 4.2), lactate levels (2.8 ± 1.9; 3.0 ± 2.1), and LDH levels (2656.3 ± 1606.8; 2688.6 ± 1726.1) or daily lactate, LDH, and pHb levels for the first 10 days of support. From our investigation, there is no difference between the CMAG and the RF blood pumps in regard to the creation of hemolysis during ECMO. The difference in cost of the devices does not correlate with the performance and outcomes.

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“…The majority of CP used for extracorporeal circulation (ECC) are non-metallic, volute pumps. 1 These pumps are preferred for ECC because they do not have a mechanical seal, and are considered leak proof.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic performance and heat generation by centrifugal pumps

Ganushchak¹,

Lichtenbelt

Nagel

et al. 2006

Perfusion

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For over a century, centrifugal pumps (CP) have been used in various applications, from large industrial pumps to flow pumps for aquariums. However, the use of CP as blood pumps has a rather short history. Consequently, the hydraulic performance data for a blood CP are limited. The aim of our investigation was to study the hydraulic performance and the heat generation of three commercially available CP: Bio-Medicus Bio-Pump BP80 (Medtronic), Rotaflow (Jostra Medizintechnik), and DeltaStream DP2 (MEDOS Medizintechnik AQ). The study was performed using a circuit primed with a water-glycerin mixture with a dynamic viscosity of 0.00272 pa/s. Pressure-flow curves were obtained by a stepwise stagnation of the pump outlet or inlet. The temperature changes were observed using ThermaCAM SC2000 (Flir Systems). The pumps' performance in close to clinical conditions ('operating region') was analysed in this report. The 'operating region' in the case of the BP80 is positioned around the pressure-flow curve at a pump speed of 3000 rpm. In the case of the Rotaflow, the 'operating region' was between the pump pressure-flow curves at a speed of 3000 and 4000 rpm, and the DP2 was found between 7000 and 8000 rpm. The standard deviation of mean pressure through the pump was used to characterise the stability of the pump. In experiments with outlet stagnation, the BP80 demonstrated high negative association between flow and pressure variability (r = -0.68, p < 0.001). In experiments with the DP2, this association was positive (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). All pumps demonstrated significantly higher variability of pressure in experiments with inlet stagnation in comparison to the experiments with outlet stagnation. The rise of relative temperature in the inlet of a pump was closely related to the flow rate. The heating of fluid was more pronounced in the 'zero-flow' mode, especially in experiments with inlet stagnation. In summary, (1) the 'zero-flow' regime, which is described in the manuals of some commercially-available pumps, is the use of the pump outside the allowable operating region. It is potentially dangerous and should, therefore, never be used in clinical settings. (2) Using centrifugal pumps for kinetic-assisted venous return can only be performed safely when the negative pressure at the inlet of the pump is monitored continuously. The maximum allowable negative pressure has to be defined for each type of pump, and must be based on pump performance.

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Centrifugal blood pumps — a brief analysis: development of new designs

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Extracorporeal Circulation in Cardiac Surgery: Inflammatory response, controversies and Future Directions

Extracorporeal Circulation in Cardiac Surgery: Inflammatory response, controversies and Future Directions

Comparison of Hemolysis Between CentriMag and RotaFlow Rotary Blood Pumps During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Hydrodynamic performance and heat generation by centrifugal pumps

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