LEAP (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects) is an effort to formalize the process and provide data needed for validation of numerical models designed to predict liquefaction phenomena.
The Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects (LEAP) is an international effort to produce a set of high quality test data and then use it in a validation exercise of existing computational models and simulation procedures for soil liquefaction analysis. A validation effort (LEAP-GWU 2015) was undertaken using a benchmark centrifuge model of a sloping deposit tested in rigid-wall container. This article presents and discusses the shear stressstrain response and effective stress path of the LEAP-GW 2015 centrifuge tests and numerical predictions (including an assessment of the effects of the rigid boundaries).
The experimental results of LEAP (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects) centrifuge test replicas of a saturated sloping deposit are used to assess the sensitivity of soil accelerations to variability in input motion and soil deposition. A difference metric is used to quantify the dissimilarities between recorded acceleration time histories. This metric is uniquely decomposed in terms of four difference component measures associated with phase, frequency shift, amplitude at 1 Hz, and amplitude of frequency components higher than 2 Hz (2 + Hz). The sensitivity of the deposit response accelerations to differences in input motion amplitude at 1 Hz and 2 + Hz and cone penetration resistance (used as a measure reflecting soil deposition and initial grain packing condition) was obtained using a Gaussian process-based kriging. These accelerations were found to be more sensitive to variations in cone penetration resistance values than to the amplitude of the input motion 1 Hz and 2 + Hz (frequency) components. The sensitivity functions associated with this resistance parameter were found to be substantially nonlinear. 132 N. Goswami et al.
Observation and Measurement of displacements at the crown of the tunnel is an integral part of NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) in complex rock masses to verify the construction parameters, support systems and safety requirements. However, the prediction of ground conditions ahead of an advancing tunnel face is also an application, often explored less in the field by site engineers. Literature suggests displacement vector orientation as a good indicator of weak ground or fault/shear zones ahead of the tunnel face. There has been no quantification between the vector orientation and the properties of the weaker ground ahead. An attempt is made to quantify the effect of the properties of the weaker ground on the vector orientation numerically. The model results are initially compared with analytical solutions, followed by benchmarking with the results of other researchers. The factors which affect the vector orientation are the diameter of the tunnel, stiffness ratio of the rocks and insitu stress ratio. The effect of each of these parameters is studied independently. A correlation between the vector orientation and the variation in ground conditions is then established to predict the properties of the weaker ground ahead of the advancing tunnel face.
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