Introduction. The analysis of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation indicates problems in the field of drinking water safety, caused, among other things, by chemical contamination. Due to the wide variety of pollutants, it is necessary to determine the procedure for identifying priority chemical pollutions from the water from centralized supply systems, using health risk criteria. Materials and methods. The analysis of relevant scientific literature and regulatory and methodological documents formed the basis for developing criteria for determining priority chemical pollutants contained in the water from centralized supply systems. A sampling of drinking water was carried out at the start point (water intake) and the endpoint of the distribution network (water tap). The selected water samples were examined using the chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Results. An algorithm for determining the priority chemicals in the water of centralized water supply systems according to the potential hazard and health risk criteria has been developed. Approaches to the identification of possible sources of chemical water pollutants from centralized supply systems were established. According to the results of testing, it was found that three of the 16 chemical water components are potentially dangerous: 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentadecane, and lilial. The presence of pentadecane comes from a water source. Still, it should have eliminated water treatment. The presence of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and lilial is most likely due to water treatment and water transportation processes through the water supply systems. Conclusion. There are six criteria for determining priority chemical pollutions from the water from centralized supply systems based on hygiene standards compliance, an impact of the chemicals on the environment and the human health, the presence of harmful effects for humans and/or animals, implementation of possible mechanisms for the development of human health disorders and the acceptability of the risk level were proposed. There were identified three priority pollutants in the water from centralized supply systems that can be recommended for further monitoring.
At present it is impossible to develop epidemiologic surveillance and control over any infection regarding studies on dynamics of morbidity, seasonality and periodicity without using mathematical modeling techniques. Our research goal was to study regularities in manifestations of epidemic process for enterovirus (non-polio) infection (EVnI) in the Russian Federation over 14 years (2006–2019) using mathematical models (linear, logarithmic, power, and exponential approximation).An optimal mathematical model was selected using three statistical parameters, namely determination coefficient, Fischer’s exact test, and standard error. Periodicity of rises and falls in morbidity was calculated with Fourier one- dimensional spectral analysis. Intra-year dynamics of morbidity with EVnI was estimated basing on monthly spread of the disease cases on the RF territory. Classic seasonal decomposition, Census I technique, was applied to analyze time series of monthly morbidity. It was determined that EVnI epidemic process was unevenly spread over years in the RF in the examined period of time (2006–2019) and there were two opposite trends in it; the first one lasted from 2006 to 2010 when morbidity was declining and the second was from 2010 to 2019 when it was growing. Having analyzed manifestations of EVnI epidemi- ologic process in long-term dynamics given its uneven spread as per years, we established that it was advisable to use mathematical models approximated as per separate time periods. Average long-term morbidity with EVnI amounted to 8.09 0/0000 in the RF in 2010–2019 with growth rate being equal to 17.7 %. Maximum value was registered in 2017 (16.32 0/0000). An unfavorable prediction for further epidemic situation development was revealed for the examined pe- riod. The epidemic process was characterized with 4-year periodicity and summer-autumn seasonality with peaks usually occurring in August and September. Rates that characterized intensity of the trends in long-term morbidity dynamics and were calculated with mathematical models differed authentically from those obtained via conventional calculations of average values (χ=11.08; d.f.=1; p=0.0009).
Relevance. Evaluation of the preventive effectiveness of domestic vaccines in immunization of employees of medical organizations, in the context of the ongoing pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, remains important. The aim. To evaluate the preventive effectiveness of domestic vaccines in the immunization of employees of medical organizations. Materials and methods. The preventive efficacy of domestic vaccines was studied in an epidemiological, analytical, retrospective (historical), cohort, parallel study involving 1115 healthcare workers from various outpatient and policlinic organizations in the city of Perm. Results. The high preventive efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination of health care workers was established in the conditions of analytical cohort study (the incidence of the unvaccinated was 3.3 times higher than the incidence of vaccinated). Among the vaccinated, a milder course of the disease was observed. The GamCovidVac Spuntic V and Sputnik Light vaccines were characterized by the highest prophylactic efficacy for which was 76.1 and 78.2 respectively, against 54.53 with Covivac immunization and 50.7 with EpiVacCorona. Conclusions. Vaccination is an effective measure against COVID-19 and can be recommended in the context of ongoing pandemic.
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