Relevance. Evaluation of the preventive effectiveness of domestic vaccines in immunization of employees of medical organizations, in the context of the ongoing pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, remains important. The aim. To evaluate the preventive effectiveness of domestic vaccines in the immunization of employees of medical organizations. Materials and methods. The preventive efficacy of domestic vaccines was studied in an epidemiological, analytical, retrospective (historical), cohort, parallel study involving 1115 healthcare workers from various outpatient and policlinic organizations in the city of Perm. Results. The high preventive efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination of health care workers was established in the conditions of analytical cohort study (the incidence of the unvaccinated was 3.3 times higher than the incidence of vaccinated). Among the vaccinated, a milder course of the disease was observed. The GamCovidVac Spuntic V and Sputnik Light vaccines were characterized by the highest prophylactic efficacy for which was 76.1 and 78.2 respectively, against 54.53 with Covivac immunization and 50.7 with EpiVacCorona. Conclusions. Vaccination is an effective measure against COVID-19 and can be recommended in the context of ongoing pandemic.
Relevance Hepatitis B and tuberculosis are a serious global health problem. Babies under one are at high risk of a severe form of these diseases and mortality. Immunization of newborns plays a key role both in the individual prevention of hepatitis B and tuberculosis and in reducing the burden of these infections in general.The purpose of the study was to assess the timeliness of vaccination newborns against hepatitis B and tuberculosis and to determine the causes of deviations from national vaccine schedule. Materials and methods. The coverage of vaccination against hepatitis B and tuberculosis was studied according to the case history of newborns (form No. 097/у, N = 672) and form No. 6 «Information on the contingents of children, adolescents and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases», the state of child morbidity - according to form No. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases» for 2006–2018. Anonymous questioning of pregnant women was conducted to assess adherence to vaccination (N = 73).Results. The average proportion of newborns who were vaccinated against hepatitis B in the maternity hospital over a 12-year follow-up period was 82.2%, against tuberculosis was 85.1%. More than 50.0% of children weren’t vaccinated against hepatitis B and about 20% of children weren’t not vaccinated against tuberculosis due to the vaccine hesitancy of their parents. 72.6% respondents agree that vaccination is important, 73.9% one that vaccination is effectiveness and only 50.6% one that vaccination is safety. The adherence to vaccination of newborns against tuberculosis is higher than against hepatitis B (78.1 and 69.9% respectively). There is a tendency to increase the number of children from 0 to 14 years old who are not vaccinated against both tuberculosis and hepatitis B.Conclusion. The lack of immunization of newborns in neonatology departments is a risk factor for low future immunization rates for children, infection of children with hepatitis B virus and mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as parental distrust in vaccination in general.
Healthcare workers are one of the main risk groups for COVID-19 infection and should be provided priority protection. Objective. To examine the development dynamics and epidemic process manifestations of COVID-19 in healthcare workers as well as to assess the efficacy of intranasal human recombinant interferon alpha-2b (Grippferon®) for emergency medicationassisted nonspecific prevention of novel coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. The incidence of COVID-19 in Perm healthcare workers was examined using official statistical data in the epidemic dynamics. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was assessed in the analytic cohort prospective study, involving 561 healthcare workers of infectious diseases hospital departments. Results. The incidence rate of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Perm for the examined period from 09.03.2020 to 06.12.2020 was four times higher, than in the general population. Healthcare workers aged 30–59 years were found to be more likely to develop COVID-19. Physicians had the highest risk of infection compared to other medical professionals. The prophylactic efficacy of Grippferon® was shown to be high in physicians and nurses, who were in contact with COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. Recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medication Grippferon® can be recommended for emergency prevention of novel coronavirus infection to ensure epidemiological safety of healthcare workers and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: COVID-19, incidence rate, healthcare workers, recombinant interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon, intranasal use, prevention
The aim of the work is a comparative evaluation of the epidemic process manifestations and the leading factors of serous meningitis (SM) pathogens and enteroviral etiologyherpetic angina (HA) transmission. Materials and methods. Manifestations of the epidemic process of SM and HA were studied according to the official registration of the incidence of the population of Perm for the 2010-2016. 1464 water samples of the distribution network, 178 samples of water from decentralized sources of water system, 293 samples of surface water, 117 samples of bottled water, and 57 wipe samples from the surface of vegetables and fruits were studied usingpolymerase chain reaction (PCR)for the presence of markers of non-polyemic enteroviruses (NEV). In conditions of analytical “case-control” method the epidemiological survey of 350 epidemiological focuses of SM and 142 focuses of GA were conducted. Results. The findingsclearly demonstratethat it is similarity betweenepidemic process manifestations of SM and enteroviral etiologyHA. In both clinical variants of enteroviral infection, the priority role is the water way of transmission of the pathogen by drinking water from centralized and decentralized sources of water system, as well as swimming in surface water. The water transmission way is activated in the summer-autumn period of the year due to the increase in the number of emergency situations on the water supply networks, as well as due to the swimming factor. The role of bottled water as well as vegetables and fruits as factors of transmission of enteroviral infection has been revealed.
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