Applying granulated AgroMag to the soil in doses of 100-200 kg/ha annually and foliar treatment with AgroMag AktiMax during the growing season in combination with NPK-fertilizers with a predominance of potassium (N:P:K = 1:1-1.3:1.3-1.5) provides a significant increase in potato yields, a decrease in tuber morbidity common scab, improving the quality of products and increasing the fertility of acidic sod-podzolic soils.
In the he article are presented the research result on effectiveness of application new form of urea on potato. New urea form is urea with urease inhibitors. This fertilities type allow to reduce losses of nitrogen in ammonium form. Field experiment was carried out in 2017 on solonetc light chestnut soils with heavy granulometric compound in the conditions of the Volgograd region in the experimental polygon of the lower Volga agricultural research Institute – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center for agro-ecology, integrated land reclamation and protective afforestation wounds". As an object of research used potatoes mid-early table varieties Nevsky. The advantage of a new fertilizer form is the yield increase and improvement of tubers quality. Urea UTEC application leads to formation bigger and uniform tuber size. The use of urea UTEC provide the potato yield of 56.4 t/ha, with marketable tubers fraction up to 54.82 t/ha, the total yield increase to the control – 35.6%, in monetary terms this amounted to 245887.0 RUB/ha additional profit. Under these conditions, was obtained lowest amount of non-marketable yield – 0.16 t/ha, which is 2.65 times less than in the control variant. The advantage of urea UTEC application in comparison with ammonium nitrate was the increase in the yield of marketable potatoes by 5.1 t/ha and an additional profit up to 76.8 thousand rubles/ha. The Assessment of the potato quality showed that the best treatment was also the treatment with UTEC urea, the starch content in tubers was 9.22%. Note that almost the same value of the indicator in the variant with the use of urea (option 2), and the lowest starch content was noted when using ammonium nitrate – 9.05%.
The research is aimed to improve the agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil and increase the productivity of crop rotation with potatoes. The decrease in the mineral and organic fertilizers use in Non-Chernozem zone of Russia leads to low yields of potato tubers and worse agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils. Agronomical positive and ecologically safe effects of phosphogypsum on physical and chemical properties of sod-podzolic sandy soil and formation of productivity and quality of potato and spring barley was revealed. With the introduction of phosphogypsum, on average for 3 years, the soil received (kg S/ha per year): with a dose of 0.5 t/ha +35.1, with a dose of 1.0 t/ha +57.6, with a dose of 1.5 t/ha +79.8 and against a background of 3.0 t/ha +105.6, which led to an increase in the content of salpho in the soil, respectively, introduced doses of meliorant – by 9.7, 17.5, 26.5 and 32.9 mg S/kg compared to the initial level. A single application of phosphogypsum to sod-podzolic soil provided an increase in the content of labile phosphorus by 72 and 40 mg/kg against the background of doses of 1.5 and 3.0 t/ha. The As-sessment of the possible toxicity of phosphogypsum showed that the ratio of Ca/Sr in the soil is at a safe level and amounted to 97 in the control variant, against the background of doses of phosphogypsum 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 t/ha – 104-117. In total, for three years of research, the use of meliorant provided an increase in the productivity of potato – barley – potato crop rotation by 30-38 kg of grains units/ha or 19-24% in comparison with the option where only NPK fertilizers were used.
The results of the effectiveness of the application of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in winter wheat crops of the “Moskovskaya-39” variety on the dark-gray forest, heavy-loamy soil in the Ryazan region is presented. The advantage of CAN-a a universal form of nitrogen fertilizer, which has a neutral reaction and creates optimal conditions for feeding plants with nitrogen in the zone of its application, where the main mass of plant roots is located, is revealed. Along with nitrogen, fertilizer contains calcium and magnesium, which are essential for the formation of winter wheat productivity, the exchange of carbohydrates and proteins. In the field experience with winter wheat on soils not saturated with bases, the results were obtained, indicating the effectiveness of a physiologically neutral form of nitrogen fertilizer, which showed an advantage over physiologically acidic fertilizer - ammonia nitrate. Dynamics of the formation of the productivity of sowing showed that the area of leaves reached the maximum sizes by the flowering phase of 61.6-76.6 cm2/plant, the largest value of the indicator 76.6 cm2/plant was in the variant with the use of CAN feeding at a dose of 54 kg/ha of nitrogen. The use of CAN provided a reliable increase in the harvest of winter wheat grain in comparison with ammonium nitrate. The grain harvest in the experiment was 63.7 - 67.1 cents per hectare, statistically close were the values of yield in variants using CAN in doses of 68 and 54 kg/ha of nitrogen, the increase in the harvest was 3.8-5.3% respectively. The creation of optimal conditions for winter wheat during the growing season was accompanied by an improvement in the quality of the grain, in comparison with the variant with the use of ammonium nitrate.
The presented materials are prepared on the basis of the results of long-term field experiments of domestic and foreign research institutions, results of agrochemical monitoring in the system of agrochemical service of the Russian Federation in various soil and climatic zones of Russia. The materials substantiate the importance and role of lime acidic soils, presented analysis of the state and dynamics of acidity of soils of agricultural land, the features of the use of different forms of limecontaining materials. The main functions of soil lime are indicated and the consequences in case of weakening of soil acidity are predicted. It has been established that the effect of the reclamation on the acidity of the soil is divided into two periods. The maximum displacement of pHKCl is observed 3…5 years after the introduction of the reclamation. The prevailing doses of lime in the materials given were doses of Saso3 4…6 t/ha, i.e. the most commonly used in the Non-Black Earth area. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of acidity of the environment with the systematic use of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen and potassium, which have an increasing effect on calcium loss from the soil. The growing negative effect of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of the soil can lead first to their partial, and then to complete inefficiency on turf-sub-golden soils. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of soil response in flood conditions during rice cultivation have been established. The results of the effect of different doses of lime on crop yields are presented. It is noted that soil lime is the main environmental measure to ensure the stabilization of the environmental safety of agro-censors and obtain products that meet sanitary standards. The need to restore the practice of lime in the right volumes in the near future is emphasized.
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