A critical analysis of the literature on pitting corrosion published during the past 35 years is presented. The definition of pitting and the factors influencing this type of attack are considered. An examination of the theories of pitting corrosion and the methods used to study this form of corrosion are also included. 3.2.2
Cold work markedly decreases the corrosion resistance of steel in acid solutions. This effect has been studied by electrochemical measurements and weight loss tests on zone-refined iron and carbon steels exposed to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. The mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed in detail.
Alloying chromium with small amounts of platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, or osmium markedly improves its corrosion resistance to nonoxidizing acids such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. The presence of rhodium, palladium, or osmium has little influence on the resistance of chromium to an oxidizing acid such as nitric acid, while platinum, iridium, or ruthenium greatly increases corrosion rates in this medium. These phenomena can be explained in terms of the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of the metals involved and are related to the passive and transpassive behavior exhibited by chromium.
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