Tofu is one of favourite daily meal in Indonesia. It is produced freshly in some small to large-scale industries, and generates a large volume of wastewater. Generally, untreated wastewater from tofu industries in Indonesia is still directly disposed to the environment that can cause severe pollution in water resources. Tofu wastewater contains very high organic compounds and nutrients, but it has an acidic pH. The possibility of utilizing tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for microalgae is intriguing. The objective of this research was to utilize tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis. Cultivation of microalgae was conducted for ten days using 3, 5, and 10 % of diluted tofu wastewater. For comparison, the tofu wastewater anaerobic digestion effluent (TW-ADE) was used as the medium. Walne medium was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. Both microalgae showed the highest biomass and protein production was in Walne medium (positive control), followed in 5% tofu wastewater medium for C. vulgaris, and 3 % tofu wastewater medium for A. platensis. The highest chlorophylls content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % tofu wastewater and Walne medium, respectively. The most top carotenoid content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % and 10 % tofu wastewater medium, respectively. On the other hand, biomass, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and protein content of both microalgae in TW-ADE medium had the lowest result. Cultivation of C. vulgaris and A. platensis in tofu waste medium offer a wide range of environmental and economic benefits, as a sustainable strategy to treat wastewater and produce high-value products from microalgae.
Fermented rice by Monascus purpureus, namely angkak, produces lovastatin. Lovastatin has been believed and studied as antihypercholesterolemic agent. The level of lovastatin in natural occurred product is very low, result in high price in the market. Something which could increase lovastatin amount is required to be investigated. Therefore a study about the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stimulating the growth of M. purpureus and the best time for adding S. cerevisiae in order to yield optimal amount of lovastatin has been conducted. The result showed that the best time for addition S. cerevisiae yieldied optimal amount of lovastatin is the day 12.
The problem facing in water ecosystem espescially reservoir in Indonesia is the blooming of Microcystis. The specific objective of this research was to determined the ability of indigenous bacteria formulation from Sutami reservoir, which be known have a capability of reducing nitrate, to controlled Microcystis growth. The research methodology as follow: the bacteria formulation was isolated from Sutami reservoir that had been tested having potency to reduce nitrate, than we carried out to examine the effect of that bacteria formulation toward the growth rate of Microcystis. This experiment have been done in laboratory. The formula of bacteria and Microcystis were grown together in sterilized natural media from Sutami reservoir adding with NO3-N 5 ppm. The treatment of this research were aeration and non aeration and variation of light intensity (2–3 Klux and 5–9 Klux). Incubation was done in laboratory with constant light for 12 hours per day. The abundance of Microcystis and bacteria were counted every day for 13 days. Then, the environment parameters such as pH, conductivity, concentration of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium were measured every weeks. The experiment was done with three replications at the same time using completely randomized design. The research result showed that there were found 22 species of bacteria capable to reduce nitrate in selective media, but only six species have highest potency to reduce nitrate more than 90%. The consortium of the six bacteria with abundance 4 × 107 cell/mL able to controlled the growth of Microcystis in laboratory 80–95% be started at sixth day after incubation. The bacteria consortium was found in this research can be recommended to used as bioagent active to controlled Microcystis blooming in the water if culturing of these bacteria utilize medium having no potency as source of pollutant in the water.
Liquid waste from tofu production can be treated by anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The main components of biogas are CH4 (methane) and CO2 (carbon dioxide), but usually, biogas also contains water, H2S (hydrogen sulfide) or other sulfuric compounds, and other trace gases and impurities. Therefore, purification and upgrading the biogas are necessary to improve its quality as a fuel. One of the alternative methods of biogas purification is by reducing CO2 content using microalgae culture, which involves the ability of microalgae to use the CO2 in biogas for photosynthesis. In this research, Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis were tested for their ability to grow under biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of tofu wastewater aeration in a batch system. The results indicated that Chlorella vulgaris could grow better than Arthrospira platensis on the same flow rate of input biogas. Despite the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to use CO2 in biogas, the cell numbers in culture aerated with biogas were lower than with air, which indicated an inhibition by biogas on Chlorella vulgaris growth.
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