This article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of state agricultural programs, national and priority regional projects to support peasant (farm) farms and rural areas in Sverdlovsk region. Materials and methods: tools and methods of financial assistance, including grants, for peasant (farm) farms in the Sverdlovsk region are analyzed. These mechanisms are used in the implementation of state programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex at the Federal and regional levels. The identified problems of agricultural development allow us not only to formulate recommendations for improving the mechanisms for implementing measures to support farmers, but also to pay attention to aspects that are not taken into account by state programs. The authors relied on statistical, structural, analytical, system, logical, and correlation analysis. The normative legal basis of the study was chosen by the normative legal acts of Russian Federation and Sverdlovsk region, including state programs, national and priority regional projects implemented in the field of agriculture, and official materials of state statistics. Results: the effectiveness of the main instruments of state support for farmers in the region is evaluated, recommendations for improving the mechanisms of support for farmers in Sverdlovsk region are developed, and directions for the development of rural cooperation are proposed. Discussion: the article presents a socio-economic analysis of the support and development of peasant (farm) farms by the state government authorities of Sverdlovsk region. The authors pay special attention to the fact that during the implementation of state programs and projects, certain aspects are not taken into account when evaluating applications for state funding, which were identified by researchers in Estonia and Latvia. Conclusion: it is necessary to regularly assess the effectiveness and then correlate the tools used to support peasant (farm) farms. In order to increase efficiency, it is necessary to apply correlation analysis of statistical data to public authorities and conduct sociological research (in the future).
There are some theoretically-methodological aspects of food security institute and functioning of the goods market of agro-industrial complex in article. It is shown that the concept "food security" is considered by modern domestic agroeconomists from different attitudes. At the same time characteristics of the institutional analysis didn't receive worthy reflection. In this regard, authors made a contribution to interpretation of the concept "food security" within the system of institutional knowledge. There are shown institutional bases of ensuring food security on the basis of the approved techniques of matrix vector modeling and cost flows synchronization. Authors made evaluation of food security institute development and the market of agroindustrial complex of such countries as Belarus, Brazil, Germany, India, China, Russia, Poland and the United States of America on the basis of official statistical data for 2005-2015. There are provided strengths (production and economic characteristics) of regions in the sphere of agroindustrial complex. There was made a group of regions on progressive and regressive, with allocation of the regions which are at a transitional stage of market development of agroindustrial complex – on the system of the standardized indicators. On the basis of estimative and analytical procedures are offered the directions of institutional designing of food security and functioning of the market of agroindustrial complex. There is formulated a number of recommendations of increasing the efficiency of Russia food security institute, including: 1) to use the system of vertical or horizontal integration of the entities of agro-industrial complex more active; 2) to modernize the entities of agroindustrial complex taking into account specialized, but not universal requirements of institutional designing; 3) to make active policy of rational import substitution in agroindustrial complex. The conclusion is drawn that institutional designing of "multispeed" cost flows is substantially determined by researches on development of the standard rates providing overcoming negative market events. Achievement of the set proportions will allow institutional units to receive preferences in the field of the taxation and providing with credit resources for the development. These directions are seems priority to authors and determine the agenda for the subsequent researches
The results of assessing the current state of interfaith and interethnic relations in the region (or city) using scientifically grounded tools are the basis for developing a system of measures to harmonize the situation in this area and the successful implementation of the national policy strategy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the empirical research is to study the state and nature of interethnic, interfaith relations in the city of Vladivostok. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were consistently solved: based on the results of the analysis of scientific publications, a field research toolkit in the form of a survey was developed, which allows not only to calculate indicators characterizing the current state of interfaith and interethnic relations in a region (or city), but also to assess the attitude of the population to a wide range initiatives to harmonize interreligious relations, as well as identify positive points of interaction in the context of confessional and national diversity; the developed toolkit was tested on the example of a survey of the population of the city of Vladivostok (517 respondents aged 18+ were interviewed), the survey results were analyzed using frequency analysis (linear distributions) for each question and correlation analysis. The results of the study made it possible not only to assess the general current state, but also to describe in detail the mood of the population in the context of interethnic, interfaith interaction and attitudes towards initiatives to harmonize interreligious relations in the city. The results of the study are of interest for building a monitoring system for interfaith and interethnic relations in the regions of the Russian Federation.
Use of pressures as high as 1.8-2.0 MPa in pneumatic drills helps increase drilling speed. By efficiently using the energy of compressed air it is possible to increase substantially the power of the pneumatic striker. This is achieved by optimizing the design parameters and air distribution system of a pneumatic drill.The filling volume of the working chamber and the design parameters determining the duration of air inflow are crucial characteristics of'an airhammer's performance.The filling volume of a working chamber is defined as the volume of the chamber at the time of opening or shutting of the inlet channels.In a valve-free pneumatic drill air is distributed by the moving piston; the air inflow into the chamber occurs on a portion of the piston travel path (the inlet path). The inlet path is determined by the relative position of air duct channels and openings of the "cylinder-piston" system.Depending on the drill type and size, the filling volume of the working chambers and the air inlet path may vary, mainly depending on piston diameter Dp and its travel length Sp. For comparing various drill types and sizes, design parameters can be represented in relative units.The filling volume of the piston working stroke chamber can be expressed as Kv= = Vr/Vp; the filling volume of the idle stroke chamber is Kvx -Vx/Vp; the inlet path of the working stroke chamber is K~r -~=/Sp; and the air inlet path of the idle stroke chamber is K~x -~x/Sp, where Vz, Vx, ~r, and ~x are the filling volumes of the working chambers and the air inlet paths in absolute values, respectively; Vp is the working volume of the chamber; and Sp is the full piston stroke.Generally, the working volume of a working or idle stroke chamber is expressed as .n % = r - %,where Dp is the maximum piston diameter; 71 is the ratio of the piston diameter that determines its effective area on the side of the respective chamber to the maximum piston diameter; and ~2 is the ratio of axial channel diameter in the piston to the maximum piston diameter.In a pneumatic drill using a piston with a single setting surface and no axial channel, 71 " 1 and 72 " 0.Drills have diverse filling chamber volumes and air inlet paths.In order to understand the relationship between these design parameters and the performance characteristic of pneumatic drills and to find optimal values, we studied an experimental valve-free pneumatic drill with variable working chamber capacities and air inflow parameters.In the experimental drill (Fig. I) the filling volumes could be modified by means of additional, smoothly adjustable working chamber capacities attached to the outside of the cylinder." The air inlet path was varied with the use of interchangeable pistons with different positions of air ~ F. Ponomarchuk, I. N. Maksimenko, L. A. Shablii, and N. A. Yurchenko, Inventor's Certificate 358504, "A pneumatic impact mechanism," Byull. Otkr'tlya Izobret., Promyslennye Obraztsy, Tov. Znaki, No. 34 (1972).
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