This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial or complete replacement of okara meal for soybean meal on broiler performance, nutrients digestibility and economic efficiency. A total number of 350 one-day-old unsexed Ross chicks of nearly similar live body weight (45 g.) were randomly divided into equal five treatments; each contained 70 birds in seven replicates of ten birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated to be approximately iso-caloric and isonitrogenous according to the management recommendation guide data (Ross). Birds were fed starter-growers (1-4 weeks) and finisher (5-7 weeks) diets ad lib and had free access to water for the entire experimental period. The results showed that the whole experimental period, feeding graded levels of okara meal replacing for soybean meal at levels of either 25,50 and 75 % in broiler diets had no significant effect on live body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion rate (FCR) and average live body weight (LBW) compared with control group. However, the differences were significant poorest (P<0.05) as replacing okara meal for soybean meal at a level of 100% compared to control group or other treatments. There were significant decreases (P<0.05) feed intake values due to using different levels of okara meal compared to control group. Results showed a significant increase (P<0.05)in average values of EE and CF digestibility and N retention with using okara meal as replacing for soybean meal at levels of 25,50 and 75% while, the use of high level (100%) significantly decreased most of nutrient digestibility coefficient and nitrogen's balance. The obtained results showed that replacing of soybean meal by okara meal at levels of 25, 50 and 75% in broiler diets had no significant effect on carcass traits of chicks, while full replacement had a significant adverse effect. The results indicated that replacing soybean meal by okara meal in broiler diets up to level of 75% can reduce cost of feeding, save a considerable amounts of expensive ingredients and prevent environmental pollution.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of using broiler diets containing dried carrot processing waste (DCW) on nutrients digestibility coefficients, growth performance, carcass traits, chemical analysis of chicks meat and economical value. A total number of 150 unsexed one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in the study and were assigned into five dietary treatments in three replicates of 10 chicks each. Five dietary levels of DCW (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) were used. The experimental period was for 8 weeks. No significant differences were detected in digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen free extract among dietary treatments. Control and 5% DCW groups gave the same values for CP, EE and CF digestibility coefficients and apparent, true nitrogen balance and nitrogen retained percentage. Digestibility coefficients decreased with increasing the level of DCW in the broiler diets. During the whole experimental period broiler chicks given diets containing 0.0 or 5% DCW recorded the highest live weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG) as compared to the other levels of DCW. Feed consumption (FC) decreased with increasing dietary DCW level. Broiler chicks given control and 5% DCW diets showed better efficiency than the other groups all over experimental periods. There were no significant differences in relative weights of carcass traits, but gizzard weight (%) was insignificantly increased. Empty intestine weight (%) was significantly increased with increasing the level of DCW in broiler diets. Broilers fed diet containing 5% DCW had the highest values for the relative weight of breast and total meat when compared to the other levels of DCW and control diet. Broiler chicks received diet contained 5 and 10% DCW showed the higher values of ash content and protein % for meat carcasses than the other experimental groups. Ether extract % in the meat decreased with increasing dietary level of DCW. Addition of DCW in broiler diets decreased price of feed compared to the control feed. Economic efficiency %, relative economic efficiency and performance index were higher for the control group, followed by 5% DCW as compared to the other experimental groups. In general, these results indicate that using dried carrot processing waste (DCW) up to 5% in broiler diets enhances the productive performance and economic efficiency.
The adsorption of Pb(ll) ions from aqueous solution by different pectin compounds was studied in a batch sorption system. In this study lead binding activity of high; low esterified pectin and pectin extracted from water hyacinth leaves as well as of kyanite was estimated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The lead-binding capacity of all different pectin compounds was the highest within the pH range 4.0 -8.0. The Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models were applied to describe the isotherms and sorption constants. Interactions among pectins could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model.Obtained results indicated that pectin compounds are favorable sorbets. The largest amount of Pb(II) ions were bound by pectin with the low degree of esterification. In experiments estimating lead removal from liver and kidney in rats preliminary given the heavy metal solution for two weeks, low esterified pectin was the most effective agents studies compared with others. They contributed to reduce lead concentration in liver and kidney as well as increased metal content in feces of laboratory animals. The results recommended that low esterified pectin can be considered as perspective compounds purposed for prevention and treatment of chronic lead poisoning.
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