Findings indicate that when specific task structures associated with a mastery climate are included in an instructional setting, these climate manipulations seem to have a direct effect on physical activity levels once the children learned how to manage themselves in the setting. Free-play activity in and of itself does not appear to stimulate MVPA.
PurposeThe present study examined changes in body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and physical activity in sedentary office employees prescribed with two different walking programs during a 10-week intervention.Methods68 sedentary employees were randomly assigned to one of three groups: multiple bouts of walking (n = 24 (5 male, 19 female) Age = 46±9, BMI = 30.5±5.78 kg/m2), continuous walking (n = 22 (6 male, 16 female) Age = 48±9, BMI = 30.6±6.2 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 22 (5 male, 17 female) Age = 42±10, BMI = 27.5±5.23 kg/m2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA) assessed body composition and a Bruce protocol treadmill test assessed aerobic fitness at baseline and week 11. At baseline, week 6 and week 11 a waist worn accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Physical activity was measured throughout the program with a wrist worn accelerometer.ResultsThe results from the mixed-design ANOVA show that fat mass (p < .000) and fat percentage (p < .000) decreased for all three groups as a main effect of time. Sedentary behavior did not change (p>0.05) for all three groups. Moderate intensity physical activity increased significantly from pre-test to week 6 (p<0.05), then decreased from week 6 to post-test (p<0.05), with no significant changes observed from pre-test to post-test (p>0.05) for all groups. No changes in VO2 were observed (p>0.05) for all groups.ConclusionsContinuous or intermittent walking activity produce similar benefits on body weight, fat mass and body fat percentage in sedentary employees. Meanwhile, intermittent walking allowed these sedentary employees to increase lean mass and fat free mass. Intermittent walking could provide at least similar benefits on body composition compared to a continuous walking program.
El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre la aptitud física y los niveles depresivos en las personas adultas mayores que participan en programas de actividad física en el área de San Ramón, Alajuela. Un total de 138 personas mayores con edades entre los 60 y 86 años (67.94 ± 5.26 años), fueron medidas en los componentes de la aptitud física mediante la prueba “Senior Fitness Test” (SFT) y los niveles de depresión mediante la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de “Yesavage” (GDS, “Geriatric Depression Scale” por sus siglas en Inglés). Los resultados sugieren que el 97,8 % de las personas analizadas se ubicó dentro de los parámetros normales y excelentes de aptitud física, mientras tanto, el 86,2 % se encontró en la etapa normal de la depresión. Por su parte, la depresión geriátrica correlacionó negativamente con la aptitud física en las variables: fuerza muscular y resistencia corporal de la parte baja del cuerpo, resistencia de la fuerza muscular del brazo, la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, y flexibilidad parte baja del cuerpo (p <0,05). Se concluye que a mayor nivel de aptitud física menor son los rasgos depresivos en personas adultas mayores.
Se diseñó una intervención de caminata de 10 semanas para examinar cómo la actividad física afecta la autorregulación y la autoeficacia en empleados sedentarios. La intervención fue realizada por 68 participantes asignados a tres grupos al azar: caminata intermitente, caminata continua o control. La autorregulación, la autoeficacia y la actividad física se midieron al inicio, a la semana 6 y la semana 11. La actividad de caminata aumentó significativamente (p<.05) con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.033), el porcentaje de cambio fue mayor en comparación con el grupo control desde el inicio a la semana 11 (p=0,042). Se observaron mejoras significativas en la autorregulación con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 y a la semana 11 (p<0.05). Sin embargo, la autoeficacia disminuyó desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.047) y a la semana 11 (p=.008) para todos los grupos. Los empleados sedentarios tendrían más ventajas si se les prescribe un programa de caminata continua, ya que puede mejorar las habilidades de autorregulación. La actividad de caminata intermitente también puede ser un enfoque factible para reducir el comportamiento sedentario, sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para evaluar si los empleados sedentarios pueden o no cumplir con las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física. También es importante revisar en futuras investigaciones el vínculo entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia.
To determine the effects of a virtual physical activity (PA) program in college students during social distancing due to COVID-19. 44 college students, male and female. Methods: Participants completed self-reported measures of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, weekly PA, and a short-survey of the educational experience during social distancing. Participants completed the instruments at baseline and after 10-weeks of an on-line virtual PA program. Increased overall PA (p = 0.040) and transportation PA (p = 0.004), leisure-time PA (p = 0.031) domains increased following the program. The sitting time increased following the intervention (p = 0.0001). Students who failed to comply with at least 150 min/week of PA reduced the frequency of positive emotions compared to those who complied (p = 0.017). Social distancing and daily college tasks seem to lessen the effect of PA on sedentary behavior in college students regardless of an increase in PA.
Wadsworth, DD, Rodriguez-Hernandez, M, Huffman, LS, McDonald, JR, Spring, KE, and Pascoe, DD. Adaptations to a concurrent exercise training program in inactive aging women. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3217–3223, 2022—This study assessed the effect of a 10-week, sprint interval concurrent exercise training program on body composition and muscular strength in aging women. Sixty-five inactive women (age, 40–64 years) were randomized into 2 sprint interval exercise programs, 0% incline and 6% incline. Sprint interval training was performed to achieve 95% of each subject's age-predicted maximal heart rate for a series of 40 seconds of work followed by 20 seconds of passive recovery. An undulating resistance training protocol, composed of 30 sessions, was performed by each group throughout the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorption scans were assessed body composition, and 1 repetition maximum was performed to assess muscular strength. Subjects in both groups significantly reduced fat mass by approximately 0.35 kg (p = 0.002), and visceral adipose tissue by 0.05 kg (p = 0.032). There were significant increases in lean body mass by approximately 0.50 kg (p = 0.005), lower-body muscular strength by approximately 46.83 kg (p < 0.001), and upper-body muscular strength by approximately 11.68 kg (p < 0.001). No significant between-groups interactions were observed. A sprint interval training concurrent exercise training program is an effective strategy to improve body composition and muscular strength in inactive, aging women. Muscular strength improvements resulting from this intervention are particularly important because muscular strength losses are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality.
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