O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a motivação para a mudança em indivíduos internados por dependência de cocaína através de um delineamento transversal e correlacional. A amostra era composta por 70 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, idade média de 28,67 anos. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Intensidade de Dependência de Cocaína, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment. A intensidade da dependência de cocaína foi avaliada como leve para 15,7% da amostra, moderada para 54,3% e grave para 30%. A média dos escores do Beck Anxiety Inventory foi 11,39 pontos e do Beck Depression Inventory 17,31 pontos. As médias dos escores nas subescalas da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment foram: 17,03 na pré-contemplação, 35,63 na contemplação, 35,10 na ação e 38,33 na manutenção. Encontrou-se uma correlação significativa entre os sintomas de depressão e a ansiedade e a gravidade da dependência, sugerindo que os indivíduos com grau de dependência mais elevado possuíam maior intensidade de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade.
Brazil has the second largest number of reported AIDS cases in the world. Porto Alegre, like most other large urban centres in Brazil, has been greatly impacted by an AIDS epidemic driven by high rates of drug use and risky sexual behaviours. While epidemiologic surveillance of HIV/AIDS and treatment initiatives for HIV-infected individuals are well developed in Brazil, comparatively little attention has focused on developing interventions directed toward high-risk populations. Intervention programmes, particularly those tailored for chronic drug users, are lacking. This pilot project successfully adapted and tailored a cognitive behavioural HIV intervention developed in the US to the cultural setting in Porto Alegre. The project established feasibility and acceptability of the approach for targeting risky drug and sexual behaviours among a group of male Brazilian drug users. A sample of 120 male cocaine users was recruited from a public health clinic serving the target population in the city of Porto Alegre. The average age of the participants was 29; they averaged less than 8 years of formal education; and less than half (41%) were married. Lifetime self-reported drug use was high with 93% reporting cocaine use, 87% reporting crack use, and 100% reporting marijuana use. 43% of the sample reported ever injecting drugs. Reports of risky sexual behaviours were similarly elevated. Almost half (45%) tested positive for HIV. Preliminary evidence suggests that intervention acceptability was high among participants. Given the reported high risk sexual and drug use behaviours among these men, HIV interventions must be evaluated and expanded to include this population as well as their sexual partners.
Le système de justice devient de plus en plus impliqué dans le processus de référence des individus criminalisés vers des programmes de traitement de la toxicomanie. Cette pratique a d’importantes retombées sur les interventions cliniques puisque ces clients sont habituellement considérés comme peu motivés au changement et qu’ils présenteraient des besoins spécifiques qui ne seraient pas facilement satisfaits à travers les approches classiques d’intervention. Ainsi, l’objectif de cet article est, à travers une recension des articles publiés au cours des dix dernières années, de discuter de la disposition au changement des participants à des traitements sous contrainte. L’analyse démontre que la coercition imposée par un ordre judiciaire peut fonctionner comme une source de motivation externe afin d’amener et de retenir les individus en traitement. Par ailleurs, l’engagement et le changement de comportement seraient plutôt reliés au développement de la motivation interne. La « théorie du bas-fond » associe la motivation interne d’un toxicomane à l’accumulation de conséquences négatives reliées à sa consommation de psychotropes. Ainsi, les individus ayant vécu le plus de problèmes seraient davantage prêts au changement et de ce fait, seraient plus susceptibles d’arriver à des résultats positifs à la suite d’un traitement. Cette « théorie » n’est toutefois que partiellement soutenue par les études scientifiques recensées, car si la gravité des problèmes semble reliée à la motivation au changement en début de traitement, celle-ci n’est pas toujours associée à un impact positif du traitement. Nous concluons que les dimensions « externe » et « interne » de la motivation entreraient en intime relation dans le contexte des traitements sous contrainte, et que le processus de développement de la motivation interne à partir des pressions externes exercées sur l’individu mériterait beaucoup plus de recherches.The justice system is becoming increasingly involved in the referral process of criminalized individuals to drug treatment programs. This practice has important implications for clinical interventions, as these people are usually considered poorly motivated to change, and present specific needs that are not easily satisfied through conventional intervention approaches. Thus, the aim of this paper is to discuss the readiness to change of coerced treatment participants through a review of articles published over the last ten years. The analysis demonstrates that the coercion generated by the justice system can function as a source of external motivation, in the sense of bringing and retaining individuals into treatment. Moreover, engagement and behavior change are rather related to the development of internal motivation. Some studies associate the internal motivation of an addict with the experience of negative consequences related to the use of psychotropic substances. Therefore, individuals who experience the most problems would be more willing to change and thus more likely to achieve positive results in treatment. Thi...
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