Мета. Метою дослідження є розкриття факторів підвищення врожайності й ефективності розвитку ріпаківництва; узагальнення зарубіжного та вітчизняного досвіду виробництва й переробки ріпака на біодизель; обґрунтування параметрів економічної ефективності виробництва й переробки ріпака на біодизель заводами різної потужності в підприємствах України. Методологія / методика / підхід. У дослідженні використано такі наукові методи: історико-логічний - для аналізу динаміки розвитку ріпаківництва в Україні; системного підходу – для вивчення зв’язків між явищами та процесами економічної діяльності підприємств; монографічний – для узагальнення передового вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду досліджуваної тематики; рядів динаміки – під час вивчення тенденцій і закономірностей розвитку ріпаківництва; групування – для дослідження впливу основних факторів на розвиток ріпаківництва; розрахунково-конструктивний – для прогнозування розвитку ріпаківництва; економічно-математичний – під час обґрунтування параметрів ефективності виробництва біодизеля з ріпака; абстрактно-логічний – для формування теоретично-виробничих процесів, висновків і пропозицій щодо виробництва й переробки ріпака на біодизель. Результати. Проаналізовано виробництво ріпака в Україні за 1990–2021 рр. Визначено вплив урожайності на ефективність виробництва цієї культури. Зростанню врожайності й ефективності виробництва ріпака сприяють: запровадження інноваційних технологій вирощування; вибір гібрида насіння; проведення рекомендованих заходів щодо боротьби з хворобами, шкідниками і бур’янами. З’ясовано, що за аналізований період 92 % врожаю ріпака продано за межі України. Проведено оптимізацію параметрів ефективності виробництва ріпака та біодизеля. Запропоновано організаційно-економічні напрями підвищення ефективності виробництва й переробки ріпака на біодизель в Україні. Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Обґрунтовано організаційно-економічні параметри ефективного виробництва та переробки ріпака на біодизель в умовах України. Уперше розроблено сценарний прогноз розвитку ріпаківництва на 2030–2035 рр. і рекомендації щодо виконання прогнозних завдань у підприємствах України. Практична цінність / значущість. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані в практичній діяльності підприємств галузей АПК України. Реалізація рекомендацій з переробки ріпака дасть змогу: поліпшити забезпечення потреби підприємств у біодизелі в умовах енергетичної кризи; збільшити кількість робочих місць на селі та доходи підприємств; розширити обсяг надходження цінних за поживністю концентрованих кормів для тваринництва і на цій основі збільшити зернові ресурси на продовольчі цілі.
The article presents the results of the retrospective analysis of corn grain production in the regions of Ukraine for 2010-2016, the economic efficiency of corn grain production in the enterprises of the Ternopil region. On the basis of the research, the main factors of increasing the level of economic efficiency and competitiveness of corn grain are proposed, with accent on innovative methods of grain production management using the methods of digital economy.
Purpose. The aim of the article is to disclosure methodological and methodical bases of efficiency research of innovative development of agricultural business enterprises in the conditions of competition. Methodology of research. For economic processes study in agro-industrial business, we have systematized various methods and principles, in particular: philosophical (fundamental) and its principles; general scientific (traditional and modern); specific scientific (general economic and specific) (Fig. 1). For study the effectiveness of innovative development of agro-industrial components, a methodological procedure of analysis has been formed, in particular: vertically - assessment of the level of efficiency of agribusiness components; horizontally - types and indicators of efficiency of components of agribusiness are given (Fig. 2). For study of the efficiency level of innovative development of agribusiness enterprises in conditions of competition at the macro, meso and micro levels, we have proposed a comprehensive methodology and evaluation indicators (Fig. 3). Findings. The methodological and methodical principles of efficiency research of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises in the conditions of competition at macro-, meso- and micro-levels of agribusiness components at Ukraine are generalized and offered. Originality. The substantiation of methodological and methodical bases of research was further developed, the complex technique and indicators of efficiency estimation of innovative development of agro-industrial business enterprises at macro-, meso- and micro-levels of Ukraine are offered. Practical value. Systematized and substantiated research results can be used in the process of analyzing the effectiveness of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises in conditions of competition at the macro, meso and micro levels of Ukraine. Key words: methodology and research methods, efficiency of innovative development, agro-industrial enterprises, competition, efficiency indicators, types of efficiency, complex estimation of efficiency of innovative development.
The article discusses the option of modelling a business process using a logistics concept to optimise costs. The issues of influence on the formation of the model, the concept of optimising transport costs, and the costs of inventory management, in terms of production and economic efficiency, are considered. The mathematical and economic model of a typical business process is shown as a formed economic paradigm that materialises the process of conceptual integration of technological and logistic approaches in the process of implementing critical business processes of the company's current activities.The article also touches upon the issues of calculating logistics costs, both in the context of their points of origin, that is, by functional areas, and general accounting in the context of each business process. The options for calculating this category of costs are considered, in the general flow of both material and financial resources of a separate business process. From the standpoint of a logistic approach to managing the total operating costs of key business processes, options for a comprehensive study of the impact of logistics costs on the general operating activities of the company are analysed.The methodology for constructing a mathematical-economic model of a typical business process is described, taking into account the factors of influence of logistics concepts. Practical use of this methodology in real economic conditions is considered, and recommendations are given for adapting the methodology to specific parameters of the subject of the economic system. The proposed model outlines the fundamental approaches to the mathematically verified analysis of vital economic parameters that characterise the fluid nature of the economic components of the modern free market. The stated methodology, while not claiming to be complete coverage of the issues presented, nevertheless assumes the possibility of practical implementation of simulation modelling, economically crucial for current operational activities, fundamental business processes.
Introduction. Agro-industrial business plays an important role for the economic development of all business entities of regional and national agro-industrial business. Its main function is constantly focused on the sale of manufactured products, receipt of working capital, necessary for the reproduction of entrepreneurial activity, remuneration of employees, payment of debts and profit receiving. At the same time, in practice, the level of efficiency of agro-industrial business of enterprises in the regions has significant deviations from the national average, and some agro- industrial business enterprises are unprofitable. At the same time, literature sources express an opinion and analyze the activity of agribusiness enterprises, which does not correspond to the full name - "agro-industrial business". All this determines the objective necessity of researching theoretical organizational and economic aspects of economic and social efficiency of of agro-industrial business enterprises functioning, which led to the choice of the research topic. Methods. The following methods are used in the study: monographic for detailed study of phenomens, processes; historical for the study of the evolution of agribusiness development; abstract and logical for processing of literary sources, theoretical positions, formation of conclusions; theoretical generalization, etc. Results. The concept, essence and evolution of agribusiness are revealed, its author's interpretation is given, the objective necessity to change the existing name "agribusiness" to new - "agro-industrial business" is substantiated, the levels of agro-industrial business (I - enterprises, II - country, III - international scale) are highlighted and the main aspects of improving its efficiency and competitiveness are determined. Discussion. Improving the efficiency of agro-industrial business should be achieved through active use of internal and external factors of functioning of agro-industrial enterprises. Keywords. Agro-industrial business, entrepreneurship, agriculture, manufacturing, economic relations, economic and social efficiency, costs, revenues, profit, integration, competitiveness.
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to: generalize scientists' interpretation of the concept and essence of innovation; providing their author's definition; assessment of the development level of agro-industrial business in Ukrainian enterprises by technological structures; theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles and development of practical recommendations aimed at the objective necessity of innovative activation development and increase of competitiveness of the agro-industrial business enterprises in the conditions of economy globalization. Methodology of research. The basic principles of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, legislative and normative acts of the state authorities of Ukraine on the issues of innovative development of agro-industrial complex became the theoretical and methodical basis. The following research methods have been used: the dialectical method of cognition – in the study of transformational changes in the process of innovative development of agribusiness; historical – in the study of the evolution of innovation and the formation of technological structures for economic development; theoretical generalization and comparison – to study scientists' interpretation of the concept and nature of innovation; monographic – for coverage of indicators by technological structures; abstract and logical – in the theoretical generalization of the essence, the author's interpretation of the concept of innovation in the agro-industrial business, coverage of the content of scientific work and the formation of conclusions and proposals from this study. Findings. The article describes the historical process of innovative development of national economies of the world. It is concluded that innovation is the main functional characteristic of doing business. The goal of the entrepreneur is to use new, resource-saving technologies to produce high quality products, increase their sales, income and profits, achieve economic and social effects. Historically, 7 major technological structures have been identified. Each technological structure is distinguished by the development of a certain set of basic knowledge-intensive industries and technologies, characteristics of the organization of production, and is reflected by the relevant indicators of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress. In developed countries (USA, Germany, England, France, Japan, China, etc.), technologies of the 5th form (period of its dominance 1970-2010) prevail and technologies of the 6th technological structure (period – 2010-2040) are formed). The industry of Ukraine, so far, is characterized mainly by technologies of the 3rd and 4th technological structures, their share in industrial production occupies about 96% and the share of industrial production of the 5th and 6th technological structures – 4%. In Ukraine, both the volume of production and the investment of capital for technical re-equipment and modernization are mainly at the level of the 3rd technological structure. Therefore, domestic industrial and food products cannot be competitive in the global market. Originality. The author's interpretation of the concept of "innovation in the agro-industrial business" is proposed. It is the accumulation of new knowledge, materialized: in high-efficiency, resource-saving technologies, technological elements; new varieties and hybrids of plants, breeds and breed groups of animals; machines, equipment, working parts and mechanisms; new types of fertilizers, chemical plant and animal protection products; new progressive forms of organization of production and labour, types of services, etc., established in research institutions recognized as expedient for use in practice, ensuring the economic and social efficiency and competitiveness of agro-industrial production. Practical value. Scientific, methodological and practical recommendations have been proposed, which makes it possible to develop the basic organizational, economic and managerial aspects regarding activation of capital investment for technical re-equipment and introduction of innovative, resource-saving technologies in the components of agro-industrial business of Ukraine. Key words: innovation; innovative process; innovative technologies; costs; economic effect; social effect; agro-industrial business; technological structures; product quality; competitiveness.
Purpose. The aim of the article is conduction of a retrospective analysis of the experience results of introducing innovative, energy-saving technologies in agriculture of Ukrainian enterprises. Choosing of inhibitory factors of innovative development and providing recommendations for further introduction of innovations to increase economic efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in different regions of our country. Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve this goal: monographic – for a detailed study of phenomena, processes and best practices of enterprises; abstract and logical - to outline the main factors influencing the accelerated use of energy-saving, innovative technologies in agriculture of Ukrainian enterprises; for the description of analytical tables, formation of conclusions and offers; comparative analysis - to compare the effectiveness of the different variants of technologies used for growing crops in crop rotations. Findings. Energy-saving, innovative technologies in agriculture by crop rotations in the regions of Ukraine are generalized and systematized. It is recommended for the Left-Coast Forest-Steppe and Steppe to use a differentiated system of tillage in crop rotations, which reduces about 120-150 UAH / ha of direct costs compared to traditional plowing. Originality. The substantiation of introduction of energy saving technologies in agriculture on crop rotations and their effective influence on development of the enterprises economy in separate regions of Ukraine has received further development. Practical value. Substantiated results of the study can be used by agricultural enterprises, which will increase the economic efficiency of both the crop sector and promote the development of the agricultural economy in the regions of Ukraine. Key words: energy-saving technologies in agriculture, “Mini-till”, “No-till”, “Strip-till”, differentiated technologies, resource savings, productivity, economic efficiency, competitiveness.
Purpose. The aim of the article is in-depth study of questions related to the features, methodological approaches and indicators of economic analysis and evaluation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The study used general and special methods, including abstract and logical (to outline the main factors, influencing the characteristics of energy saving in agricultural enterprises, for the author’s interpretation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises), deductive (to analyse the dynamics and areas of economic efficiency level increase of energy saving system); generalization (in the study of the possibility of implementing the latest technologies aimed to improve the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises). Findings. It is established that agricultural industries have a number of features, in particular: use energy for production, generate it. This feature is based on the fact that in the production process there are three fundamentally different types of energy: anthropotechnogenic (fossil); solar and soil energy. It was found that the process of energy conservation in agriculture should be formed by reducing fossil energy sources and by making fuller use of renewable solar energy and soil energy potential. An important feature of agriculture has been identified, which lies in its significant level of spatial dispersion, which causes significant costs for transport services of production processes and logistics. There is a significant difference in the principles of energy consumption, fossil energy is the main in industry and in agriculture - it plays a supporting role. There, natural energy forms the biological mass (harvest, live mass of animals). The author’s interpretation of the concept “energy saving of agricultural enterprises” is offered, which includes a system of measures (organizational, economic, technical and technological, ecological, legal and operational), coordinated action of which should be aimed at the rational use of energy in the process of agricultural production. The indicators of the group of economic analysis of energy saving in agriculture are determined: total energy capacity; energy armament; energy supply; electrical equipment of labour, etc. The key stages of energy saving research and tasks in agricultural enterprises are clarified. Grouping of methods of research of energy saving is offered. Originality. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “energy saving of agricultural enterprises”, definition of key stages of energy saving research and systematization of appropriate methods were further developed. Practical value. The introduction of research results into production will help increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production. Key words: energy saving, energy efficiency, energy resources, renewable energy sources, rational use of energy resources.
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