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The present study was undertaken to find the antioxidant value of certain medicinal plants in South Kalimantan in Indonesian. Antioxidants have been reported to prevent oxidative damage caused by free radical and can be used in cardiovascular and antiinflammatory diseases. The amount of total flavanoids and radical scavenging activity has been studied. Major amount of flavonoid were determined in kasturi fruit followed by leaf of kelakai, stem of gerunggang, and root pasak bumi. However, kelakai, kasturi, pasak bumi, and gerunggang extracts potent of antioxidant by chelating effect on ferrous ions, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging.

Highlights Some of piriformis syndrome intractable with conservative treatment. Surgery was indicated for intractable piriformis syndrome. Piriformis resection can be a feasible option for intractable piriformis syndrome. Piriformis resection decrease visual analog scale in intractable piriformis syndrome.

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The research materials used were the monoclonal antibody Aquaporin-4 Immunoblot, and kaolin. Consumables materials for the preparation of experimental animals are 5 ml syringe with 25G needle, 1 ml syringe with 27G needle, betadine and sterile gauze, sterile perforated linen, ketamine and xylazine, 15 ml disposable tube, alcohol 70 %, 10% povidone iodine, surgical blade. Kaolin-induced hydrocephalus mouse preparationSprague-Dawley mice were treated according to guidelines for animal rearing. To induce

Main management for the frontal sinus fracture is using the pericranial flap. Pericranial flaps based on the supraorbital and supratrochlear vasculature have previously been used with significant success for the separation of intracranial and extracranial spaces after major trauma. Defect closure was modified due to lack of the frontal periosteum; the graft was made from the temporal side of periosteum to make primary periosteal flap longer. Defect closure could be optimum. Evaluation for 6 months showed a significant improvement without major complications. In this article, we propose a new modification technique as one of promising alternatives.

Background Patients often present with one or more pre-existing underlying chronic diseases that will affect their prognoses and mortality. A study revealed that the majority of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with either no or a single symptom. Meanwhile, multiple other studies reported of more severe disease in SARS-CoV-2 infected children with brain tumor and/or cancer as a whole. Case report The patient was a 15-year-old male who was referred to our hospital with complaints of vomiting, headache, and signs of worsening right hemiparesis. Initial MRI suggested of a high-grade astrocytoma and hydrocephalus, but a subtotal tumor resection and external ventricular drainage gave light to a histopathological examination conclusive of germinoma. After adhering to radiotherapy and recovering well, the patient fell into unconsciousness 9 months later and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient deteriorated on the third day of admission with respiratory failure, shock, arrythmias, fever, and increased d-dimer. After multiple attempts stabilization with ventilatory, defibrillator, and medical support, the patient deceased at the 6th day of admission. Discussion Cancer patients with COVID-19 have been reported to have relatively higher mortality rate when compared to the non-infected patients. Moreover, malignancies were also reported to increase the risk of developing more severe disease in children. Although rare, patients may develop a condition called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which is a state of hyperinflammatory and severe illness temporally associated with COVID-19 infection. No observations have been evident in indicating the influence of COVID-19 on the neurological state of the patient, but we believe that it may be reasonable to not yet exclude the possibility of it of exacerbating the CNS malignancy our patient suffered from. Conclusion Children with intracranial brain tumor infected by SARS-CoV-2 may fall into a worse condition with poor prognosis, exacerbated by severe acute respiratory distress and the need for breathing support in intensive care unit. Multidisciplinary tumor boards have to convene regularly, including through call-conferences and telemedicine platforms.