The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of leached residual monomers from self-adhesive resin cements and evaluate their toxicity in-vitro. A total of 60 disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) were prepared from each cement (RelyX U200, SpeedCEM, G-Cem) (n=20). Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and the amount of released monomers [urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] was identified. Then, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells were evaluated using the defined amounts of released monomers from cements. The highest monomer release was detected in G-Cem (p<0.05). The highest cytotoxicity value was identified from SpeedCEM (p<0.01) and the highest genotoxicity values were calculated from RelyX U200 (p<0.05). Released UDMA and TEGDMA from self-adhesive resin cements induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells.
Summary. Introduction:In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), uremic toxins accumulate in blood and cannot be excreted with urine. Accumulation of these toxins has negative effects on many body functions. Because of the importance of these toxins, we developed and validated a simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the determination of two main uremic toxins: phenol and p-cresol in human urine. Materials and methods: Separation of these analytes in urine samples was achieved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a C18 column at 35 °C using the mobile phase of methanol-water (65:35) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL min −1 . Fluorimetric detection was used at 284 nm for excitation and 310 nm for emission. Results: The method is linear over the range of 1.5-35 ng mL −1 and 1-45 ng mL −1 for phenol and p-cresol, respectively. The method was applied to urine samples from 10 healthy subjects and 10 chronic kidney disease patients. Conclusions: This assay appears to be useful in routine analysis of clinical samples for simultaneous determination of phenol and p-cresol levels in urine.
Summary.A new, sensitive, and selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorimetric detection was developed for the determination of moxifloxacin (MOX) in human breast milk. MOX was precolumn derivatized with fluorescamine; the fluorescent derivative was separated on an RP C18 column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-10 mM orthophosphoric acid by isocratic elution with flow rate of 0.5 mL min −1 . The method was based on the measurement of the derivative using fluorescence detection at 481 nm with excitation at 351 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 1-40 µg mL −1 . Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.3 and 1 µg mL −1 , respectively. Intra-day and interday repeatabilities were less than 3.15%.
In nano drug formulations the mechanism of release is a critical process to recognize controlled and targeted drug delivery systems. In order to gain high bioavailability and specificity from the drug to reach its therapeutic goal, the active substance must be loaded into the nanoparticles efficiently. Therefore, the amount in biological fluids or tissues and the remaining amount in nano carriers are very important parameters to understand the potential of the nano drug delivery systems. For this aim, suitable and validated quantitation methods are required to determine released drug concentrations from nano pharmaceutical formulations. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is one of the most common techniques used for determination of released drug content out of nano drug formulations, in different physical conditions, over different periods of time. Since there are many types of HPLC methods depending on detector and column types, it is a challenge for the researchers to choose a suitable method that is simple, fast and validated HPLC techniques for their nano drug delivery systems. This review's goal is to compare HPLC methods that are currently used in different nano drug delivery systems in order to provide detailed and useful information for researchers.
A sensitive and selective HPLC method with fluorometric detection was developed for the determination of saxagliptin (SGX) in human plasma and applied to a pharmacokinetic study. SGX was precolumn derivatized with fluorescamine, and the fluorescent derivative was separated on an RP C18 column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-10 mM orthophosphoric acid by isocratic elution with flow rate of 1.3 ml/min. The method was based on the measurement of the derivative using fluorescence detection at 378 nm, with excitation at 463 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 3.0–100.0 ng/ml. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.15 and 0.5 ng/ml, respectively. Intraday and interday RSD values were less than 2.84%. The plasma concentration–time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, tmax, t1/2, were calculated according to the assays.
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