Evaluation of residual monomer release and toxicity of self-adhesive resin cements

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of leached residual monomers from self-adhesive resin cements and evaluate their toxicity in-vitro. A total of 60 disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) were prepared from each cement (RelyX U200, SpeedCEM, G-Cem) (n=20). Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and the amount of released monomers [urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] was identified. Then, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells were evaluated using the defined amounts of released monomers from cements. The highest monomer release was detected in G-Cem (p<0.05). The highest cytotoxicity value was identified from SpeedCEM (p<0.01) and the highest genotoxicity values were calculated from RelyX U200 (p<0.05). Released UDMA and TEGDMA from self-adhesive resin cements induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells.

Cytotoxic effects of different self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability and induction of apoptosis

“…It was shown that the release of UDMA from SARCs was detectable in artificial saliva at 1-, 24-and 72 h, and they induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on cells. 37 Due to lack of studies on biocompatibility of BC, a comparison of our data is not possible, rendering further investigations are necessary.…”

“…36 In a different study, in agreement with our results, the cytotoxicity of five SARCs was found in the following descending order: MaxCem Elite > G-Cem LinkAce > Bifix SE > PA > RU. 6 RU contains monomers shown to be toxic to fibroblast cells at certain concentrations such as TEGDMA and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 6,37 which may reduce levels of glutathione, cause oxidative stress, and induce cytotoxicity, apoptosis, or necrosis. 37 Kurt et al 37 reported that RU caused oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cytotoxicity compared to the negative control group.…”

“…6 RU contains monomers shown to be toxic to fibroblast cells at certain concentrations such as TEGDMA and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 6,37 which may reduce levels of glutathione, cause oxidative stress, and induce cytotoxicity, apoptosis, or necrosis. 37 Kurt et al 37 reported that RU caused oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cytotoxicity compared to the negative control group. In contrast, RU did not show considerable cytotoxicity in other studies 6,33,36 as well as in the present investigation.…”

Monomer conversion, dimensional stability, biaxial flexural strength, and fluoride release of resin-based restorative material containing alkaline fillers

“…The degree of monomer conversion of polymer-based filling materials was primarily governed by chemical structure of monomers 24) , polymerization environments 25) , and thickness of the specimens 26) . High monomer conversion of resin-based restorative materials is required to ensure good physical properties and cytocompatibility of the materials 27,28) . The minimum degree of monomer conversion required from resinbased materials is not yet established.…”

Cytotoxicity of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

“…In this study, more distinct absorption peaks and higher absorption peak value occurred in the extract solution of each self-adhesive resin cement without light irradiation. According to some product information provided by the manufacturers, a variety of methacrylate monomer, acid monomer, initiators, and many others could be dissolved out in the water medium [23]. However, it is regrettable that we still could not obtain an accurate reference material to judge the exact substances represented by absorption peaks of the liquid chromatographic analysis.…”