Surface treatment with a diamond bur plus a proper adhesive agent is a simple, efficient, and cost-effective procedure for enhancing the shear bond strength of a repaired nano-hybrid resin composite.

In conclusion, the DC and cure depth of FS are lower than those of MBCs. However, FS revealed stable hardness in water that is comparable to MBCs. The sealing ability of FS is similar or even better than that of MBCs.

Objective: To compare the in vitro microleakage of orthodontic brackets (metal and ceramic) between enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces at the occlusal and gingival sides produced by self-etching primer system with that of conventional acid etching and bonding. Materials and Method: Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. The teeth were separated into four groups of 15 teeth each and received the following treatments: Group 1, 37% phosphoric acid gel ϩ Transbond XT liquid primer ϩ stainless steel bracket; Group 2, Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (TSEP) ϩ stainless steel bracket; Group 3, 37% phosphoric acid gel ϩ Transbond XT liquid primer ϩ ceramic bracket; Group 4, TSEP ϩ ceramic bracket. After curing, specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for microleakage for the enamel-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces from both occlusal and gingival margins. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results:The gingival sides in all groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with those observed in occlusal sides for both adhesive interfaces. Enamel-adhesive interfaces exhibited more microleakage than did the adhesive-bracket interfaces. Brackets bonded with self-etching primer system showed significantly higher microleakage at the enamel-adhesive interface of the gingival side. Conclusions: TSEP causes more microleakage between enamel-adhesive interfaces, which may lead to lower bond strength and/or white-spot lesions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surface conditioning protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets to aged composite resin surfaces in vitro. Ninety composite resin discs, 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, were prepared and treated with an ageing procedure. After ageing, the specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) control with no surface treatment, (2) 38 per cent phosphoric acid gel, (3) 9.6 per cent hydrofluoric acid gel, (4) airborne aluminium trioxide particle abrasion, (5) sodium bicarbonate particle abrasion, and (6) diamond bur. The metal brackets were bonded to composite surfaces by means of an orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT). All specimens were stored in water for 1 week at 37°C and then thermocycled (1000 cycles, 5-55°C) prior to SBS testing. SBS values and residual adhesive on the composite surface were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P = 0.000) between the groups. Group 6 had the highest mean SBS (10.61 MPa), followed by group 4 (10.29 MPa). The results of this study suggest that a clinically acceptable bond strength can be achieved by surface conditioning of aged resin composite via the application of hydrofluoric acid, aluminium trioxide particle abrasion, sodium bicarbonate particle abrasion, or a diamond bur.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine retrospectively the presence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) in a group of Turkish population. Further, the relationships between CACs and gender, life style, and medical history were evaluated.MethodsDuring the years 2004 to 2006, a random sample of 1282 PRs was collected from patients older than 40 years who were being treated by the School of Dentistry, Erciyes University. Of these 1282 PRs, 750 PRs were included in this study. Medical data was collected from the archival records of the dental school.ResultsAbout 38 (5.06%) CACs were found on the PRs of 12 (4.5%) males and 26 (5.4%) females. The CAC prevalence was not significantly different between the males and females (P=0.583). These calcifications were unilateral in 26 (68.4%) and bilateral in 12 (31.6%) subjects. Of those in the positive group, there were 12 subjects (31.58%) with hyperlipidemia, 12 subjects (31.58%) with hypertension, 7 subjects (18.4%) with diabetes mellitus, 6 subjects (15.8%) with cardiovascular disease, and 6 subjects (15.8%) with smoking history.ConclusionsThis study has the highest CACs prevalence in comparison to the other studies. Therefore, dentists caring for subjects with dental problems should carefully evaluate their PRs for the evidence of CACs, and refer them for medical evaluation as indicated. So, incidental findings could provide life-saving information.

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The etch-and-rinse system offered better bonding to root dentine than the self-adhesive and self-etch systems. The increases in cement thickness significantly reduced the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentine for both the etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive systems.

The purpose of this study was first to evaluate the elution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers from resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and compomers cured with halogen and light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). The effect of cured materials on the viability of L929 fibroblast cells was also evaluated. One RMGIC (Ketac N100) and two compomers (Dyract Extra and Twinkystar) were tested. Materials were prepared in teflon disks and light-cured with LED or halogen LCUs. The residual monomers of resin materials in solution were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The fibroblast cells' viability was analyzed using MTT assay. The type of LCU did not have a significant effect on the elution of HEMA and TEGDMA. A greater amount of HEMA than TEGMDA was eluted. The amount of TEGDMA eluted from Twinkystar was greater than Dyract Extra (P < 0.05) when cured with a halogen LCU. All material-LCU combinations decreased the fibroblast cells' viability more than the control group (P < 0.01), except for Dyract Extra cured with a halogen LCU (P > 0.05). Curing with the LED LCU decreased the cells' viability more than curing with the halogen LCU for compomers. For Ketac N100, the halogen LCU decreased the cells' viability more than the LED LCU.