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We assessed the confidence of academics in their careers in fisheries faculties at Turkish universities and developed a scale based on the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Cellucci & DeVries, 1978) to classify their attitudes in order to evaluate level of job satisfaction. A survey and a personal information form were made available via the Internet to academics employed in various faculties of fisheries in Turkish universities. Testing for validity and reliability showed that the trust attitudes of academics could be examined with 5 factors: satisfaction with supervisors, satisfaction with coworkers, satisfaction with pay, satisfaction with promotion, and satisfaction with work itself. Results showed that coworkers and promotions were considered more important than the pay. The most important factor in job satisfaction was coworkers, with working as a team and sharing also rated as important. There was no significant difference in the rating of the factors according to gender. These findings are important as preliminary research in the fishing sector.

The effect of various water temperatures on growth and survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa) had been investigated in this research. Average weight of 20.48±2.33 g of juvenile sea cucumbers were collected from the coastal zones of Aegean Sea by scuba diving. After the adaptation period, juveniles were placed into glass aquaria which have 4 different sea water temperatures and researched for 45 days under laboratory conditions. Sea water temperatures of trial groups were selected among the minimum (winter) and maximum (summer) temperatures recorded at the natural habitat of H. tubulosa juveniles. Thus, 4 temperature group were selected as 15, 20, 25 ve 30°C. The sea cucumber juveniles were fed on dried and powdered brown algae as references in the literature. The best specific growth rate (SGR) was recorded as 0.288±0.02 % day -1 in 25°C group. The lowest SGR was recorded as 0.085±0.005 % day -1 in 30°C trial group while the negative specific growth rate (-0.03±0.02 % day -1 ) was recorded in 15°C trial group. The aestivation observed in 30°C and hibernation in 15°C group would be a reason for such lower specific growth rates. The survival rate for all groups were 100% and the best growth performance was recorded in 25°C among others (P<0.05).Keywords: Sea cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa, aquaculture, temperature, growth. Farklı Sıcaklıklarda Deniz Hıyarı (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin, 1788) Genç Bireylerinin Büyüme ve Yaşama Oranı ÖzetBu çalışmada, farklı su sıcaklıklarının deniz hıyarı (Holothuria tubulosa ) genç bireylerinin büyüme ve yaşama oranları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ortalama 20,48±2,33 g ağırlıktaki genç H. tubulosa bireyleri Ege Denizi kıyılarından serbest dalış yöntemiyle elle toplanmıştır. Toplanan bireyler adapte edildikten sonra, laboratuar ortamında 45 gün boyuncadeniz suyu bulunan cam akvaryumlarda denemeye alınmıştır. Deniz hıyarlarının dağılım gösterdiği bölgedeki yaz ve kış deniz sıcaklıkları (en düşük ve en yüksek) sınır olmak üzere 4 farklı deniz suyu sıcaklığında (15, 20, 25 ve 30°C) deneme grupları oluşturulmuştur. Deneme süresince deniz hıyarları kurutulmuş kahverengi alg ile beslenmişlerdir. Deneme süresi sonunda en yüksek spesifik büyüme oranı (SBO) 0,288±0,02 % gün -1 olarak 25°C de kaydedilmiştir. En düşük spesifik büyüme oranı 0,085±0,005 % gün -1 değeri ile 30°C'de görülürken, 15°C'de negatif yönlü (-0,03±0,02 % gün -1 ) SBO kaydedilmiştir. Büyüme oranlarındaki düşük değerlerin 30°C'de gözlenen estivasyon (uyku) ve 15°C gözlenen hibernasyon davranışına bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Tüm deneme gruplarında yaşama oranı %100 olup en iyi gelişim 25°C 'de tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05).

In this study, it was aimed to determine the opening and survival rates of Holothuria tubulosa eggs at four different stocking densities (1,5,15,30 eggs / ml) and to determine the effect of stocking density on egg size and larval size in different stages. Fertilized Holothuria tubulosa eggs were stocked in cylindrical conical collectors with a capacity of 30 l. Eggs were counted under light microscope at fertilization, early gastrulation, late gastrulation and hatching stages. It was found that there is an inverse relationship between stock intensity and opening rate (r = -0.848; p<0.001). The lowest hatching and survival rate was determined in 30 eggs / ml group (p <0.05). However, different stocking densities did not affect the diameter of the egg in different embryological stages (p> 0.05) and the length of early auricularia larva at 65 h (p> 0.05). As a result, the optimal stocking density for the highest hatching and survival rates of the fertilized eggs of Holothuria tubulosa was determined as 1-5 eggs / ml. Öz: Bu çalışmada, Holothuria tubulosa yumurtalarının, dört farklı stok yoğunluğunda (1,5,15,30 yumurta/ml) açılma ve yaşama oranlarını belirlemek ve aynı zamanda stok yoğunluğunun farklı evrelerdeki yumurta çapına ve larval boyutuna etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Döllenmiş Holothuria tubulosa yumurtaları, 30 l hacimli silindir konik kollektörlere stoklanmıştır. Yumurtalar; döllenme anında, erken gastrulasyon, geç gastrulasyon ve yumurtadan çıkma aşamasında mikroskop altında sayılmıştır. Stok yoğunluğu ile açılma oranı arasında ters ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (r = -0.848; p<0.001). En düşük açılma ve yaşama oranı 30 yumurta/ml stoklandığı deneme grubunda saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Ancak farklı stok yoğunlukları farklı embriyolojik safhalardaki yumurtanın çapını (p>0.05) ve 65. saatteki erken auricularia larvasının boyunu (p>0.05) etkilememiştir. Sonuç olarak, Holothuria tubulosa'nın döllenmiş yumurtalarının en yüksek açılma ve yaşama oranları için optimum stoklama yoğunluğu 1-5 yumurta / ml olmuştur.Anahtar kelimeler: Döllenmiş yumurta, açılma oranı, Holothuria tubulosa, deniz hıyarı, stok yoğunluğu, yaşama oranı

Abstract:In recent years, aquaculture is the fastest growing protein supply for consumers in the Middle East countries. The aquaculture production in the region increased by 111% from 837 247 to 1 768 917 tons between 2005 and 2014. Egypt, Iran and Turkey are the leading countries in aquaculture production but Saudi Arabia, Oman and United Arab Emirates have vast investment plans for future aquaculture projects as the others in the region. Middle East aquaculture still need to grow by nearly 20% to match the regional demand for seafood which is average 12,55 kg fish per capita. This huge necessity for growth raises doubts in regional consumers on the sustainability of aquaculture production.Sustainable aquaculture systems are being accepted as environmental friendly, profitable, productive and social. But the sustainability is not a measurable entity itself and its analysis relies on indirect criteria or indicators. Traceability is an important indicator that sustains consumer confidence on aquaculture products.There's an increasing trend on the market for traceability of capture and aquaculture products. Therefore, many countries are developing various solutions for monitoring the aquaculture market. Turkey is one of these countries who's developing computer-based monitoring systems for fisheries and aquaculture production.In this study, acceptance, progress, and the difficulties in transition to new monitoring system and the prospective contribution of traceability systems on consumer confidence have been investigated in example of Turkey.