Background of the study: A chronic and untraceable condition of pain is burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and is commonly observed in middle-aged and elderly people of both the genders. Many psychiatric disease that include anxiety levels, personality disorders and depressions are caused by oral problems i.e dysgeusia, burning mouth, oral malodour and dry mouth. Objective: This study aimed investigation of factors of risk associated with BMS in elderly people of both the genders. Design: It was a systematic review. Material and Methods: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used and studies published from 2008 till date of review were included in the systematic review. For gathering relevant studies, some key words were used to find already published material i.e “elder, older, burning mouth syndrome / BMS, oral health problems, and elderly people”. Moreover, for enhancing relevancy and appropriateness, Boolean operators like AND, OR, double quotations, asterisk etc. were used. Popular and good reputed databases with peer-reviewed articles and journals were used that included PubMed health, Google scholar, EBSCO host, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Library. A table comprising of columns like study title, name of author, sample size, research objective, limitations and key findings was prepared for data extraction. Results: Based on moderate or strong quality, thirteen studies relevant to the objective were shortlisted. These studies had highlighted BMS as risk factor. It was held that female population is more affected by BMS in comparison with males and its prevalence is high in elderly aged people i.e. above 55-years age. Conclusion: From findings of the review, it is established that in older population numerous risk factors of BMS are dental procedures, increased age, lacking therapeutic treatments, lack of knowledge besides poor knowledge and practices of medical staff and poor care being given to older age people especially in post-menopausal stage in women. Keywords: Burning mouth syndrome, WHO, global population, post-menopause.
Objective: To determine the dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and palate at a tertiary care hospital. Design of the Study: descriptive cross-sectional. Study Settings: Study was conducted at conducted in the OPD of Dentistry at Abbottabad International Medical Institute between the months of January 2021to June 2021. Material and Methods: The convenience sampling strategy was used to obtain the 208 radiographs of patients with cleft lip and/or palate for Data A. In order to conduct the study, the Institutional Review Board granted its approval. Radiographs were examined for suspected dental defects and demographic information was gathered. Results of the Study: A total of 76 (38 in group A and B) patients were included. Mean age in groups A and B was 39.25±3.91 and 38.71±4.01. Out of 38 patients in group A and B, effectiveness of large antecubital vein versus small vein on dorsum of hand in prevention of propofol injection was 81.6% vs. 36.87%. Conclusion: A high rate of dental abnormalities has been found in patients who have had a cleft lip or palate. The most common aberration in the study was tooth agenesis, with the lateral incisor having the highest rate of agenesis. Keywords: Dental Anomalies, Panoramic Radiograph, Cleft Lip and Palate
Objective: The aim of this study is to discover effectiveness of interdental aid, their use in the daily oral hygiene and suggestion of interdental aid to be used. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted among 503 convenient samples of patients from outpatient department of IOD, CMH Lahore medical college. It is a questionnaire-based study. Data collected from February 2021 to April 2021. A written consent was taken. All the examiners were calibrated for check-up and questionnaire was filled on effectiveness of interdental aids and its uses and recommendation by individual. Results: Total 503 people with 230 females and 273 males were participated in the study. Majority of the sample size did not know how to do interdental cleaning. Also, there is lack of awareness about dental hygiene in the masses. Conclusion: Amongst the patients which came for their dental treatments who were using any interdental cleaning aid, toothpick was the most common choice. However, toothpicks are not a recommended aid because it can damage the gums and cause bleeding. Awareness should be given to the patients so that they use appropriate methods and aids for interdental cleaning. Keywords: Interdental Aids, Effectiveness
Introduction: Professional skills, training and experience is mandatory for removing impacted 3rd molars with aid of local/general anesthesia, sedation. As for symptomatic 3rd molars decision for removing is not difficult usually, but for removing asymptomatic 3rd molars decision is less clear & requiring good clinical experience. Objective: The objective this study was to determine frequency of lingual nerve damage during surgical removal of impacted 3rd molar Design: Descriptive cases series Study Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta over 6 months (April 10, 2018 till Oct 10, 2018). Materials and Methods: All 149 cases after approval of hospital ethical committee fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. After clinical and radiographic diagnosis of affected tooth like depth, position or any other difficulty, the surgical procedure was selected. An impacted tooth was labeled when it was failed to explode into the dental arch within the expected developmental window. After operation surgical sites of all patients were reviewed by the same consultant after 7 days. It was instructed to all patients that report any problem in lingual sensation; by clinical examination sensory deficits were recognized bilaterally. Results: The mean age of all cases was 29.82 ± 6.81 years with minimum and maximum age of 18 and 40 years. There were 83(55.7%) male and 66(44.3%) were females. According to types of impaction 22(14.8%) cases had Mesioangular, 10(6.7%) had Horizontal, 12(8.1%) had Vertical, 17(11.4%) had Distoangular, 14(9.4%) had Class I, 15(10.1%) had Class II, 11(7.4%) had Class III, 14(9.4%) had Class A, 16(10.7%) had Class B and 18(12.1%) cases had Class C. A total of 16(10.7%) cases had inguinal injury in this study. Conclusion: This study concludes that 10.7% cases had inguinal injury in this study. So, this procedure of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with minor but expected complications like the lingual nerve damage. Hence, preoperative and intraoperative consideration must be taken up to reduce this preventable complication. Keywords: Impacted teat, 3rd molar, surgery, complications, lingual nerve damage
Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the patients visiting a dental hospital. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from November 2020 to April 2021. Material and Methods: Clinically all the patients were examined then questioned if there are any habits such as (pan, chewing, alcohol intake and smoking) and questions were also asked about frequency and the period of their habit and time of systemic disease. The screening of the disease was made by taking history and observing the clinical features as per guidelines of WHO. Results of the Study: Total 178 patients were included in this study out of total sample 76 (42.69%) were male and 57.30% females. Out of 178 patients 91(51.12%) had oral mucosal lesions. Out of 91 patients 48 had females with oral lesion with percentage 26.96 of all the screened patients, while 43 male patients had OMLs making 24.15%. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was significantly affected by socio-demographic characteristics like sage, gender, occupation, cigarette use, alcohol use and tobacco chewing. Our study has highlighted facts and figures about epidemiology of the oral mucosal lesions that provide help in organizing the future studies about oral health. Keywords: oral mucosal lesions, chewing, alcohol, who, prevalence, smoking, cigarette
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