A new antimalarial sterol, kaimanol (1), along with a known sterol, saringosterol (2) was isolated from the Indonesian Marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. The chemical structure of the new compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by comparison to those related compounds previously reported. Isolated compounds, 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC 50 values of 359 and 0.250 nM, respectively.
Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan semua elemen penggerak pendidikan meliputi guru, peserta didik dan pemerintah mengalami kesulitan untuk memaksimalkan proses pemebelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembelajaran berbasis masalah (Problem Based Learning) secara online selama pandemic Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian literature. Penelitian ini dikaji dari berbagai artikel dari penelitian sebelumnya yang telah terpublikasi nasional pada jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi. Instrumen pada ulasan ini berupa 26 artikel- artikel yang memiliki tema yang relevan kemudian dikumpulkan, lalu dipilah sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan. Selanjutnya teknik pengumpulan artikel-artikel pada ulasan ini dikaji berdasarkan kriteria: (1) penelitian eksperimen atau pre eksperimen, penelitian tindakan kelas, penelitian kuantitatif, (2) subjek penelitian melibatkan peserta didik MIPA SMA/MA/SMK. Teknik analisis kajian terhadap data dengan cara mendeskripsikan secara singkat hasil penelitian dari artikel-artikel tersebut, selanjutnya ditarik simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning menggunakan dapat mendukung proses berlangsungnya pembelajaran dengan baik dan dapat mempermudah peserta didik serta guru dalam berinteraksi walaupun secara online. Maka, secara keseluruhan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran. implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam memecahkan permasalahan selama pembelajaran online.
Plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malignant malaria, is one of mankind's most severe scourges, mainly in the tropic world. Efforts to develop preventive vaccines or remedial drugs are handicapped by the parasite's rapid evolution of drug resistance. Here, we presented an advance work on examination of antimalarial component from marine life of Xestospongia sp., the study is based on hexane extraction method. The premier result, we obtained five fractions. Among these five fractions, the fourth has the most potent inhibitory against the growth of P. falciparum 3D7 with an IC50: 7.13 µg/mL. A compiled spectrum analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS, revealed that the fourth fraction consisted abundantly of two secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and triterpenoids. Finally, our results suggest a plausible structure rooted to the base of ibuprofen.
One way learning method could lead students unfocused and difficult to gain learning outcomes . Currently, the Comparative learning model by Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) it is largely used in teaching. Therefore, this review was made to understand and find out the impact of the learning model system in the class. The study is based on literatures with the following criteria (1) STAD cooperative type with a quasi-experiment and (2) research subjects were at the senior high school at MIPA class. We obtained 14 articles are similar with the criteria. Each of the article shortly describe the research finding. Indicator of student success with cooperative type STAD can be seen from the average value above 50%. It was found that the STAD type of cooperative learning model lead the creation of actively students mood, creative, and independent learning atmosphere for students in receiving, processing, and answering learning material. This learning model is likely one of the most adaptive model learning, modifications some elements are required depend on characteristic and environment learning locally.
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