Here, we demonstrate a compact photonic crystal wavelength demultiplexing device based on a diffraction compensation scheme with two orders of magnitude performance improvement over the conventional superprism structures reported to date. We show that the main problems of the conventional superprism-based wavelength demultiplexing devices can be overcome by combining the superprism effect with two other main properties of photonic crystals, i.e., negative diffraction and negative refraction. Here, a 4-channel optical demultiplexer with a channel spacing of 8 nm and cross-talk level of better than -6.5 dB is experimentally demonstrated using a 4500 microm(2) photonic crystal region.
One of the challenges of the high refractive index contrast of silicon photonics platform is the high sensitivity of the resonance wavelength of resonators to dimensional variations caused by fabrication process variations. In this work, we have experimentally demonstrated an accurate post-fabrication trimming technique for optical devices that is robust to process variations. Using this technique, we have reduced the random variation of the resonance wavelength of 4 µm diameter resonators by a factor of 6 to below 50 pm. The level of accuracy achieved in this work is adequate for most of the RF-photonic, interconnect, and optical signal processing applications. We also discuss the throughput of this technique and its viability for wafer-scale post-fabrication trimming of silicon photonic chips.
Infiltration of planar two-dimensional silicon photonic crystals with nanocomposites using a simple yet effective melt processing technique is presented. The nanocomposites that were developed by evenly dispersing functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles into a photoconducting polymer were completely filled into photonic crystals with hole sizes ranging from 90 to 500 nm. The infiltrated devices show tuning of the photonic band gap that is controllable by the adjustment of the nanoparticle loading level. These results may be useful in the development of tunable photonic crystal based devices and hybrid light emitting diodes and solor cells.Photonic crystals 1 ͑PCs͒ are engineered materials periodically arranged at the scale of the wavelength allowing the control of light by the creation of a photonic band gap, analogous to the electronic band gap in semiconducting crystals. The combination of PCs with the richness and flexibility of organic optical materials offer unique opportunities toward the development of high performance photonic devices. Significant research has been dedicated to the infiltration of PCs and other nanostructured materials with organic and hybrid optical materials as such systems pave the road for interesting applications such as tunable photonic circuits, electro-optic switches, organic lasers, high-Q cavity resonators, and hybrid light emitting diodes ͑LEDs͒ and solar cells. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Unusual physical properties such as control of spontaneous emission 12 can be demonstrated in PCs infiltrated with nanoparticle composites. Previously, several techniques for the infiltration of PCs with organic composites have been investigated. [13][14][15][16][17] However, specific problems, such as delamination and shrinkage of the infiltrants, have to be addressed if the full potential of many of these techniques are to be realized. For example, solution infiltration of PCs with polymers results in shrinkage and trapped air bubbles after the removal of solvents, 13 which increase optical losses and reduce device performance. Monomer infiltration 13,16-18 and subsequent polymerization can lead to a good degree of infiltration; however, the materials suitable for this approach are limited and oftentimes they experience 10%-15% of shrinkage after the thermally initiated polymerization.To extend the materials and processes available for both linear and nonlinear PC devices, we have developed infiltrant nanocomposites and a simple technique based on melt processing of polymers for efficient infiltration into planar PCs and other nanoporous materials. The polymer chosen for nanocomposite development was an acrylate-based material functionalized in the side chain with tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl-type pendant groups ͑PATPD͒, as it has shown excellent results as the hole-conducting polymer in photorefractive composites. 19,20 Following a strategy recently reported, 21 we have tailored the nanoparticle surface modification chemistry to the composition of the polymer. A carbazole-functionalized phos...
We identify factors affecting transmission and dispersive properties of photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) bends, using 2-D simulations and present a method for systematic design of PCW bends to achieve high transmission and low dispersion over large bandwidths. The bends presented here have higher bandwidth and lower dispersion than bends already reported.
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