Avena sativa is the sixth most produced cereal in the world. It is widely used for human consumption. Due to the bromatological quality of its forage, it is used for direct grazing, hay and silage. Due to the large number of interesting characteristics of forage white oats, the selection of unique characteristics becomes difficult and expensive for breeders. In this sense, the use of analysis with multiple characteristics can facilitate the process. Therefore, the objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters of morphological characteristics, productivity, and quality of forages, as well as to define multiple characteristics that assist in the selection of promising white oat genotypes with forage profile through factor analysis. Field trials were carried out during the agricultural year of 2013 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, RS. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in four replications. The treatments corresponded to the genotypes CHIARASUL (G1), FAEM006 (G2), BARBARASUL (G3), BRISASUL, (G4) CGF03006 (G5), CGF07023-1 (G6), CGF07-74 027-1 (G7), CGF07033 (G8), CGF07033-1 (G9), CGF07041 (G10), CGF0705-7 (G11), CGF07060-2 (G12) and CGF07060-3 (G13). The ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 20 (2): gmr18451 T.C. da Rosa et al. 2 characteristics analyzed were: plant height, leaf area, weight of fresh plants, weight of dry plants, number of tillers and levels of nitrogen, crude protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron. The data were submitted to the normality test and to various components of variance. Statistical analyses were performed using Selegen®, SAS® and Genes® software. The white oat genotypes expressed high genetic variability and possibility of selection for leaf area, fresh forage mass, dry forage mass, number of tillers and calcium content. Simultaneously the magnesium content with multiple traits + zinc content, dry matter + fresh mass, nitrogen content + calcium content, crude protein + potassium content and number of tillers, showing potential to select genotypes of interest for genetic improvement.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) shows high phenotypic plasticity, acclimatization, wide adaptability, and resilience to adverse edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, this systematic review aims to identify what were the factors that determined the production of cassava in Brazil in the last three decades, and to direct what are the possible perspectives of the crop in the country. The methodology to produce this review was based on studies that which integrate the academic information produced in different situations (1990-2020), environments, states, groups of researchers and existing scientific evidence for this theme. Based on the information, a binary matrix of information was assembled based on the following characters, plant density per hectare, soil type, city, state, average air temperature, planting line spacing, plant spacing on the planting line, implantation date, implantation station, harvesting station, productivity per hectare, days for harvest, liming, fertilization, precipitation and climate. It is evident that in the last 30 years the productivity of cassava in Brazil has been increased, mainly in low-income populations and those located in rural areas. There are prospects for increasing cassava production for fresh sale and industry. The crop is characterized as rustic, highly adaptive, tolerant of water stress and acidic soils, being highly influenced by the climate, rainfall, air temperature, and incident solar radiation. Productivity is determined by the time of implantation, liming, fertilization, density, and plant arrangement.

The objective of this work was to select wheat genotypes aiming to increase the essential amino acids in their grains. The study was carried out in the 2019 crop year, in a randomized complete block design, organized in a 5x5 factorial arrangement – five environments in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cachoeira do Sul, Cruz Alta, Santo Augusto, São Gabriel, and Vacaria), and five wheat genotypes ('BRS Parrudo', 'Marfim', 'Quartzo', 'TBIO Mestre', and 'TBIO Sinuelo') –, with two replicates. Polar metabolites were extracted from the flour of the ground wheat grains, derivatized, and evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for the metabolites. To select the genotypes for the traits of interest, the multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype design, the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, and the multi-trait stability index were applied. The wheat genotypes express a high genetic variability and selection possibility for gentiobiose, butyric acid, galactopyranosyl, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, and isoleucine. The 'Marfim' genotype remains stable for essential amino acid levels in the studied environments. The 'Quartzo' genotype stands out in the expression of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in its grains.

The climate unpredictability causes long periods of drought, becoming the main risk factor in soybeans production fields and consequent losses to farmers in Brazil and worldwide. As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a wide range of environmental stresses, including drought. Growth constraints and stress due to these environmental changes result in reduced yield and significant harvesting losses. The response to abiotic stresses is a very complex phenomenon, since several stages of plant development can be affected by a particular stress and often several stresses affect the plant simultaneously. In order to mitigate the damages caused by the climate, new soybean cultivars adapted to the drought and the diversified climate are necessary, as well as technological advances in the production of soybeans that must advance with the increase of cultivated area. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying tolerance and adaptation to stress have been the focus of intensive research. In this sense, the objective of this review is to provide an overview of the evolution of genetic improvement regarding the search for more drought-tolerant cultivars, as well as to verify which strategies are used in the genetic improvement of soybean in the search of these genotypes.

The objective of this work was to select, under the Bayesian perspective, white oat genotypes that have high phenotypic adaptability and stability for the organic system. The study was carried out in four different environments Itapúa in Paraguay and Palotina, Candói and Três Passos in Brazil, in the 2019 crop season. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, organized in a 4x7 factorial scheme, with four environments and seven white oat genotypes (URS Taura, URS Corona, URS Brava, URS Altiva, UFPA Ouro, IPR Artemis and IPR Afrodite) arranged in 4 repetitions per environment. The following characters were evaluated: final plant population, plant height, days until flowering, days until maturation, lodging and grain yield. The use of the Bayesian method provides greater accuracy in the selection of white oat genotypes with high phenotypic adaptability and stability. The genotypes URS Brava, IPR Aphrodite and UPFA Ouro are classified as highly adaptable to unfavorable environments. The genotypes IPR Artemis, URS Corona and URS Taura exhibited high adaptability to favorable environments. The URS Brava genotype is the ideal genotype and can be placed in any environments. The characters plant height and days from emergence to flowering can be used in indirect selection for grain productivity.

The objective of this work was to show which traits are influenced by the interaction genotype x irrigated environment, to reveal trends of linear associations in each environment and to identify genotypic variation through canonical variable analysis in maize. The experiment was conducted in Campos Borges – RS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks organized in a factorial scheme, being two cultivation environment (dry environment characterized only by the availability of rainwater; irrigated environment where a 15 mm layer of water was applied ten days apart the crop cycle, from seedling emergence to physiological maturity stage) x 13 hybrids of maize, arranged in three replicates. The traits plant height, insertion of ear height, mass of one thousand grains and grains yield are influenced by the genotypes x environments interaction. The irrigated environment presents superiority in relation to dry environment for all the traits studied. In general, the genotype G9 performs better than others. The irrigated environment presents superiority than dry environment, in relation to the traits plant height, insertion of ear height, mass of one thousand grains, grain yield per hectare, ear length, ear diameter, ear mass, grains mass per ear and number of grains per ear row.

Molybdenum is the micronutrient required in less quantity by plants and found in lower concentrations in Brazilian soils. The study aimed to study the influence of the application of molybdenum (Mo) and potassium (K) via foliar feeding, at different phenological stages, on the quality of soybean seeds. The work was conducted in the field in the county of Coronel Bicaco, RS under the condition of a typical dystropheric red Latosol (Oxisol) soil, in the 2017/2018 season crop. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme phenological stages x cultivars. Analysis of variance revealed significance for the interaction between phenological stages x cultivars for the variables composed by germination, abnormal, hard, dead, as well as field emergence, plant length and root length. There is influence of foliar feeding of molybdenum (Mo) and potassium (K) in different phenological stages of soybean. It was found that there was no significant difference for the yield of soybean cultivars under foliar feeding of Mo and K in the different treatments to which they were submitted.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of physical, nutritional, sanitary, and genetic aspects in the quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, using 55 soybean F6 genotypes, with 4 replications. In this study, thousand seeds mass, germinated seeds, accelerated aging, tetrazolium, phytosanitary indicators (Aspergillus flavus, Cercospora kikuchii, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium semisectum, and Bacteriosis), seed nutritional indicators (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, sodium, and molybdenum). The physiological quality of the seeds is negatively affected by the health aspects of Cercospora kikuchii, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium semisectum and Bacteriosis. In addition, nutritional aspects also act negatively due to the presence of salts, and positively due to the levels of P. Likewise, Zn, Mo and K are correlated as strong indicators of seed vigor levels. The developed genotypes have excellent behavior towards pathogens and seed nutrition, contributing to high quality seed production.