Abstract. Cultural differences play a very important role in matching computer interfaces to the expectations of users from different national and cultural backgrounds. But to date, there has been little systematic research as to the extent of such differences, and how to produce software that automatically takes into account these differences. We are studying these issues using a unique resource: Common Sense knowledge bases in different languages. Our research points out that this kind of knowledge can help computer systems to consider cultural differences. We describe our experiences with knowledge bases containing thousands of sentences describing people and everyday activities, collected from volunteer Web contributors in three different cultures: Brazil, Mexico and the USA, and software which automatically searches for cultural differences amongst the three cultures, alerting the user to potential differences.
Abstract. We present a prototype of an on-line assistant to support a training course about workspace safety issues. The application uses a common sense reasoning engine and the Brazilian Open Mind common sense knowledge base, to make inferences about concepts that might be unfamiliar to the students. We explore the use of metaphors and analogies to explain topics, enhancing learning by using similarities to help students associate related topics. We believe that common sense can be used to take into account cultural considerations while helping learners to build analogies. A survey of students showed that they considered analogies useful in the learning process, that the system was helpful in understanding new concepts, and that it helped connect the information searched for with common sense knowledge.
RESUMOProjetar material instrucional para Web é uma tarefa difícil para professores que não têm experiência em pedagogia e projeto instrucional Web. Padrões surgiram como uma forma de capturar conhecimento de projeto em um contexto e apresentar soluções para os projetistas. Neste trabalho apresenta-se a ferramenta Cognitor que instancia um framework baseado na Linguagem de Padrões Cog-Learn. Pretende-se fornecer apoio aos professores durante o projeto e edição de objetos de aprendizagem no formato SCORM para sistemas de EAD com o objetivo de melhor organizar o conteúdo na interface visualizada pelo aluno, facilitando a sua interação e, conseqüentemente, facilitando o seu processo de aprendizagem.
One of the challenges of Distance Learning (DL) over the Web is that it imposes physical distance between teachers and students, and thus reduces opportunities for teachers to fully understand the state of student knowledge and adapt instructional material to their needs. While the knowledge to be taught is usually well expressed in the curriculum material, the knowledge of a typical student is harder to codify. In this paper, it is shown how a large knowledge base of common sense statements can be used to help model student knowledge and consequently to help teachers plan learning actions by • Identifying topics that need coverage by the curriculum;• Identifying what a student is already likely to know;• Locating possible misconceptions that need to be corrected; and• Assuring that the student understands the vocabulary needed to express relevant subject material.
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