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In order to investigate the strain gauge characteristics of NiCr thin films, 500 nm NiCr (80 wt.-% and 20 wt.-%, respectively) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. After deposition, NiCr thin films were characterized by using X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and four-point probe techniques inview of crystallization, phases, film structure and electrical resistivity. After characterization, NiCr thin films were shaped into strain gauges by photo lithography and wet etching techniques. Strain gauges were tested with different loads, and strain values were calculated by comparing the results with commercial NiCr strain gauges with the same surface area. Resistivity change vs. strain was plotted, and the gauge factor of fabricated thin film strain gauges was evaluated as 1.23.

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Los Angeles (UCLA) scores and Constant-Murley scores were made preoperatively and at the final follow-up.Results: At the final follow-up, forward flexion was increased from 109˚±24.7 to 144˚±22.21 (p=0.005), abduction from 60˚±16.33 to 135˚±16.33 (p=0.005) and external rotation from 12˚±16.87 to 35˚±14.34 (p=0.005). Total UCLA scores were 5.9±2.13 to 22.7±5.29 (p=0.005), Constant-Murley scores were 24±9.43 to 50.2±14.28 (p=0.008), VAS scores were 6.1±1.1 to 2.4±1.35 (p=0.007), mean acromio-humeral distances were 4.64±0.85 mm (3.42-6.23 mm) to 6.58 mm (5.25-8.21 mm) (p=0.005) preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Except one patient who had a frozen shoulder any significant complication was detected. Conclusion:Adding interpositional repair to the LT tendon transfer in patients with posterior superior irreparable rotator cuff tear seems to have satisfactory short to mid-term clinical outcomes without an increase in complications.

For this study, Ni thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by using 200, 300, and 400 W direct-current magnetron sputtering method for observing the effect of sputtering power on the structural properties of thin films. Grain size, crystallinity, orientation, and texture of the deposited thin films were observed and evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to XRD analysis, all thin films presented crystalline atomic structure. Furthermore, the effect of texture on the structural properties were observed using strain analysis and grain sizes that were calculated by Scherrer’s method and Williamson-Hall analysis. The analysis revealed that the grain size of sputter-deposited thin films increased linearly with respect to the increasing sputtering power. Additionally, the elastic modulus and indentation hardness of the samples were measured by nanoindentation method, and the results were evaluated in terms of grain size and texture. The highest grain size, 7.30 nm, was observed on a 400 W sputter-deposited sample, which also had the highest elastic modulus and indentation hardness values as 98 and 3.6 GPa, respectively.

Global Energy demand is growing steadily. However, the world’s primary energy resources are fossil fuel based, and they are finite. Furthermore, it causes irreparable damage to the precious environment. Therefore, energy resources need to shift towards renewables, which can deliver sustainable growth and a climate-neutral outcome. While Türkiye has been quickly adopting renewable energy sources for power generation, it has yet to see opportunities for biomass generated from forestry residues readily available in abundant supply with an estimated quantity of about 5 million tons. However, most of this residue is left untouched in the forest due to a perceived lack of demand for this resource. This study aims to define a new business model for sustainable biomass production from forestry residues that will overcome this false perception. The new model was defined by using a creative problem-solving method, known as the Theoria Resheneyva Isobretatelskehuh Zadach (TRIZ). Through the semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, the authors analyzed the responses by qualitative data content analysis (QDCA) to serve the rules of TRIZ. The new business model requires employing a small business unit (SBU) approach. It contains the involvement of forest villagers (FVs) engaged in a self-employment structure and regulated by the authorities.