In this research article, we establish a fractional-order mathematical model to explore the infections of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. We introduce a set of fractional differential equations taking uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2 virus, and CTL response cell accounting for the lytic and non-lytic effects of immune responses. We also include the effect of a commonly used antiviral drug in COVID-19 treatment in an optimal control-theoretic approach. The stability of the equilibria of the fractional ordered system using qualitative theory. Numerical simulations are presented using an iterative scheme in Matlab in support of the analytical results.
Love is said to be pure, terrible, sweet, and horrible all at the same time. Love is, in fact, a basic requirement in everyone’s life. To live a normal and healthy life, everyone requires love. Love encompasses a wide range of emotions, sentiments, and attitudes. For some, love entails more than a physical attraction; it also includes an emotional bond. However, it is commonly believed that “Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe”, as evidenced by the transformation of every phenomenon into mathematical equations. On this basis, this study aims to express the feelings among Romeo and Juliet via mathematical tools. The love among Romeo and Juliet is shown as a coupled system of ODEs. The fractal fractional differential operator with the Mittag-Leffler function further generalizes the classical differential equations. Some theoretical analysis has been done for the considered problem. The graphical solution is obtained through a numerical scheme with the help of MATLAB software. The impact of the fractional-order parameter and fractal dimension parameter is shown on the feelings of both individuals. Furthermore, the impact of various physical parameters on the love or hate of Romeo and Juliet is displayed and discussed in detail. As a concern to the most sensitive parameter, it is observed that spending or saving money among both individuals has the ability to tend love into hate and vice versa.
The extended reduced Kies distribution (ExRKD), which is an asymmetric flexible extension of the reduced Kies distribution, is the subject of this research. Some of its most basic mathematical properties are deduced from its formal definitions. We computed the ExRKD parameters using eight well-known methods. A full simulation analysis was done that allows the study of these estimators’ asymptotic behavior. The efficiency and applicability of the ExRKD are investigated via the modeling of COVID-19 and milk data sets, which demonstrates that the ExRKD delivers a better match to the data sets when compared to competing models.
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