Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change impacts, such as shoreline retreat, has been promoted at the international, national, and even local levels. However, among scientists, opinions about how to implement it in spatial-planning practices are varied. Science-based environmental factors, human wellbeing, and sustainable development can be strengthened by developing spatial-planning-based ecosystem adaptations (SPBEAs). Therefore, this article aims to assess how the SPBEA model can be developed within an area prone to shoreline retreat. A coastal area of the Sayung subdistrict in Central Java, Indonesia, was selected as a study area because it has experienced a massive shoreline retreat. A multicriteria analysis (MCA) method was employed for developing the model by using the geographic information system (GIS) technique of analysis, divided into three steps: the fishpond zone determination, which involved the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in the process of model development; the fishpond site determination; SPBEA fishpond site development. The results show that the SPBEA model is the best practice solution for combatting shoreline retreat because of tidal waves and/or sea-level rise. The spatial site management should empower the coastal protection zone and the sustainable fishpond zone by implementing a silvofishery approach.
Land degradation (LD) is an important issue worldwide because it affects food production and people’s welfare. Many factors cause land degradation, but in humid tropical areas, erosion is the main factor. More than 100 countries including Indonesia are affected by LD. Watershed management should be prioritized owing to budget constraints, while on the other side, the area affected by LD is very large compared to the size of the existing land area. The middle Citarum sub-watershed (MCSW) is one of the most degraded drylands in Indonesia, where the environment can be considered a typical humid tropical watershed. The objective of this study was to map degraded lands and prioritize restoration using a combined approach of the universal soil loss equation (USLE), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) in a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) environment. The severity of LD was estimated quantitatively by analyzing the parameters of land use and land cover, slope, soil erosion, productivity, and management. The results indicated that the MCSW is dominated by the potentially degraded land classes (38%), followed by the degraded land classes (21%). The prioritization of LD restoration is suggested in the area of very high and high degraded land. The method developed in this research work could be adopted as a tool to guide decision-makers toward sustainable land resource management in humid tropical watersheds affected by LD.
Indonesian waters hold the world’s mega biodiversity of coral reefs. However, a range of anthropogenic pressures are threatening the coral reefs persistence. Since the early 20th century, remote sensing data has been assessed to map and monitor coral reefs. The reef habitats are monitored at various hierarchical spatial scales using integrated remote sensing and field data, but the level of detail and accuracy at a single point still questionable. Therefore, this study aims to assess the coral reefs methodology based on an integrated digital image processing approach. The method will employ a multi-pair and a single pair or an initial pair of Depth Invariant Index (DII) transformation bands, pixel-based Isodata and K-Means algorithm, and supervised classification method based on maximum likelihood and nearest neighbor algorithms. Object-based classification images, training areas, and data references were supported by previous research. The findings indicate that the maximum likelihood algorithm is better to apply for supervised classification for a single transformation band, while the K-Means algorithm is better for pixel-based classification since better accuracy can be obtained. However, various remote sensing data, band combinations, and clusters may affect the difference in results.
The Arabic script is written from right to left and consists of 28 characters, with no capital or lowercase letters. The Arabic script has several orthographic and morphological properties that make handwriting recognition of the Arabic script challenging. In addition, one of the biggest challenges in recognizing Arabic script patterns is the different handwriting styles and characters of each person's writing. The authors propose a study to compare the accuracy of handwriting pattern recognition in Arabic script which has been done previously by comparing five CNN architectures, namely GoogleNet, AlexNet, VGG-16, LeNet-5, and ResNet-50. Considering that previous research has not obtained excellent accuracy. The number of datasets used is 8400 image data and the most optimal comparison of testing and training data is 80:20. Based on the research that has been done, there are several things that the author can conclude. The model is made using 64 filters for each convolution layer because the optimal size is used for 5 architectures, kernel size is 3x3, neurons is 128, dropout weight is 50% to reduce overfitting, learning rate is 0.001, image size is 64x64, the normalization method with the ReLU activation function, and 1-dimensional input image (grayscale), and with a comparison of testing and training data of 80:20. The VGG-16 architectural model is the architecture that gets the highest score, namely 83.99%. This can have good potential to be developed as a medium for learning Arabic script.
Human economic activities on natural resources may affect the sustainability of environment and its economic value. Remote sensing analysis is able to evaluate the environmental changes related to project on economic value. Therefore, by using multi temporal remote sensing data such as Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 Oli, this paper intends to illustrate the impact of changes in the coastal region on its economic value. The method of water change detection, direct cost based on replacement value of land was used for this assessment. Meanwhile, Bedono village was selected as study area. The results show a significant depreciation of 98 % of land value was occurred in the study area caused by inundation of sea water landward.
The disharmony between land and marine spatial planning is threatening the planning of sustainable coastal development. In Indonesia, land spatial planning has firstly been implemented, followed by the spatial zonation of coastal waters. Therefore, to achieve sustainable coastal zone management, the harmonization between the regional spatial plan or RTRW with the zoning plan for coastal waters and small islands or RZWP3K is urgently needed. This paper aims to examine the spatial problems in the process of integrating these two spatial plans. Using the spatial review method, the stages of study consist of forming the seamless spatial planning maps of 8 provincial regions in Indonesia that have stipulated the second regional regulation on spatial planning regimes and then integrated them with the coastal waters spatial planning zonation map (rzwp3k). The findings show the potential conflict in some areas, especially in protected areas with cultivation and public use, and between the cultivation areas, fisheries, and industries. Other findings are on the technical aspect, which shows the differences in the coastal area due to the use of two different coastlines and base maps. Regarding substance, there are differences in the content of the framework of the RTRW and RZWP3K mandates in regional regulation.
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