Background: There is an association between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and subsequent development of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and hypertension during adult life. With this context, it is vital to give attention about the patterns of body proportion of IUGR babies. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of asymmetric distribution IUGR in contrast to symmetric distribution among babies with low birth weight (LBW). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, Barisal,from January 2012 to June 2012, with a total 114 babies with LBW. All singleton newborns, within 24 hours of birth, having birth weight < 2.5 kg was were included. Weight was plotted in weight for gestation age centile chart. Then Ponderal index (PI) was calculated to determine asymmetric and symmetric IUGR by using the formula. Convenient sampling was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 114 LBW babies, 79 were IUGR babies. Among 79 IUGR babies, 45.6% were male and 54.4% were female. The mean age of the mothers of the IUGR babies was 24.2 ± 5.6 years. Most of the mothers were in the age group of 16 to 25 years. In this study, most of the IUGR was asymmetric (68.4%) and a majority of the asymmetric IUGR babies were from rural areas. The PI of the asymmetric IUGR was significantly (p =<0.001) lower than the symmetric IUGR. Conclusion: This study highlights that, among the LBW babies most of them were IUGR, the large population of IUGR babies were of asymmetric patterns. This group of patients carries immense importance to keep an eye on the risk of fetal origin of adult diseases. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 177-181

Introduction: In developing countries like Bangladesh, post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is the common form ofacute glomerulonephritis having its changing pattern over recent decades. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinicalprofile of PIGN in local scenario. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Sheikh AbuNaser Specialized Hospital, Khulna during period from 2017 to 2019. A total of 67 cases of PIGN were identified on thebasis of clinical features, laboratory parameters with recent history of infection. The patients’ records were reviewed withrespect to clinical data. Patients with reduced complement level were included. Result: The age range of the patients wasbetween 2 and 55 years with male predominance. The study revealed that 32.8% of patients had a recent history of sorethroat, 31.3 % of patients had a history of skin infection and rest 35% had a history of fever. Moreover, during presentation68% of patients had hypertension and 37 % of patient had renal impairment. In this study, majority of patients (53%)presented with one plus to two plus proteinuria and the rest of the patients (37%) presented with three plus proteinuria ondipstick. After 2 weeks of follow up, the presence of hematuria found in 58 patients out of 67, proteinuria found in 14patients out of 61 and renal impairment found in 5 patients out of 25. Conclusion: PIGN has been changing with respect toage, proteinuria and renal function. To follow-up periodically and reduction in overcrowding of the patients, would be oneof the superior suggestions to reduce the spread of infectious diseases in our country. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(2): 130-133

Ventricular shunts are commonly employed in the management of hydrocephalus, Numerous complications such as dissection, migration and malfunction have been reported in the literature. Here we present a case of migration of the peritoneal catheter through anus who attended in our institute. He was managed successfully without further complications.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 44-45

Background: Stroke is an important health issue for individuals and society. Early identification of risk factors of stroke patients helps take measures to prevent the development of further stroke. C-reactive protein is a marker of acute infection as well as acute inflammation. A high level of CRP may be associated with poor outcomes because they reflect either an inflammatory reaction or tissue damage (den Hertog HM et al., 2009). Increase in inflammatory parameters correlated significantly with lesion volume and stroke severity (Audebert HJ et al., 2004). Aim of the study: To see the Correlation between CRP level and stroke volume. And to see the CRP level as a prognostic marker in 3 months follow-ups in ischemic stroke. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study undertaken in the neurology department of a medical college hospital in Bangladesh. A total of 130 patients were included in the study group who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 130 patients, 63 were ischemic strokes and 67 were hemorrhagic strokes. Results: In our study, the estimated level of mean CRP level in acute haemorrhagic stroke was 8.6 mg/L. and in acute ischemic stroke was 21.6mg/L. In this study, there was a statistically significant relationship between the size of the infarct and the level of estimated CRP in ischemic stroke. There was no correlation between CRP level and volume of hemorrhage in hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, the mean CRP value was 19.1 mg/L in those patients who were alive and 28.4 mg/L in those patients who died of ischemic stroke. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p-value 0.30) though the mean CRP in patients who died were much higher than in those who were alive. Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that these data support two main conclusions. First, the elevation of CRP is common in ischemic stroke. Second, advanced CRP levels were associated with larger infarct size in cases with acute ischemic stroke. These results suggest that elevated CRP levels, reflecting a large infarct size, may serve as a helpful serologic marker in the evaluation of inflexibility of acute ischemic stroke.

Dubin-Johnson syndrome is a rare inherited disorder associated with a defect in the ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile. Patients usually present with chronic or recurrent attacks of jaundice with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. A dark pigment accumulates in the liver,which is responsible for itscharacteristic black color.It is a benign condition with a normal life expectancy and no specific treatment is required. We report a case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome in a 20-year-old man with recurrent episodes of jaundice, whose laboratory data revealed a mild conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, remaining liver function tests were normal and diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of dark brown pigment on microscopy of liver biopsy. BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 235-238

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease patient as well as in patients on hemodialysis. Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis which increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality. This study was designed to evaluate the lipid abnormalities, effect of atorvastatin on lipid profile and cardiovascular events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, 55 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis participated voluntarily. The study population was divided randomly into group-A (atorvastatin was prescribed) and group-B (without atorvastatin). We compared the lipid status and cardiovascular events of both groups after 6 months. Results: The two groups of patients were well matched in respect to baseline characteristics, history of risk factors and dialysis duration and session. Mean age of study population was about 48 years. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced by 18.79%, total cholesterol was reduced by 9.32% and triglyceride was reduced by 22% in group-A. In group-A, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was increased by 6% and it was reduced by 6% in group-B. In this study, myocardial ischemia/infarction on electrocardiogram (ECG) was present 22% in group-A and 14% in group-B at randomization. After 6 months, ischemia/infarction was found 33% in group-A and 25% in group-B. Statistically the ECG findings showed no significant changes after 6 months. In this study, mean ejection fraction (EF %) was 54% in group-A and 51% in group-B at 0 month, after 6 months atorvastatin group failed to show any significant change. In this study, after 6 months of statin therapy there was slight increase of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (16.13%) but that was not significant. Conclusion: In this study atorvastatin improved the lipid abnormalities significantly but a significant reduction of cardiovascular events was not achieved. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 34-39

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Background: Recent studies have shown that mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome as they release variable mediators which alter enteric nerve and smooth muscle function. The aim of this study was to determine whether mucosal mast cells were increased in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients compared to controls. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period from April 2016 to March 2017 on cases of IBS and comparison group. We recruited 25 IBS patients and 25 healthy controls for this study. Colonoscopic biopsy was taken from the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum. Tissue was stained with Giemsa, and then quantitative evaluation of mast cells was performed. Mast cells counts were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: Mast cells were significantly higher in the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum in all subtypes of IBS patients compared to control (10.40±2.10, 6.76±1.83, 8.08±2.19, and 9.16±2.46 vs. 4.20±1.01, 3.32±0.69, 3.04±0.84, and 3.84±1.07 per HPF, respectively). Among four sites, mast cells were significantly higher in the caecum in IBS patients. Mucosal mast cells were relatively elevated in IBS-D patients compared to IBS-C and IBS-M patients, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Mast cells were significantly increased in the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum of the patients with IBS compared to controls. These findings suggest that mast cells may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBS. TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 09-14