This article aims to analyze the development of Islamic education in Indonesia and efforts to strengthen it in the national education system. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The study of literature by focusing on terms of peeling, summarizing and collecting a literature, then the authors provide an analysis of the data that has been collected. The results showed that during the pre-independence era religious education was not only not recognized but also not included in the education system, it was even suspected of being a place to incite and fight the invaders. At the time of independence it did not yet have a role because the government still tended to be controlled by nationalist and secular groups, if there were Islamic groups, Islam was still more abangan. Thus the New Order government continuously fostered the quality of madrasa education so that in 1975 a joint decree (SKB) was issued by three ministers on Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasas, where the SKB of the three ministers had advantages and disadvantages. So that the solution of this weakness is the government is trying to make breakthroughs to restore the function of the madrasa as a place to print religious leaders, namely by opening an alternative Madrasah Aliyah named Madrasah Aliyah Special Program (MAPK). Henceforth, this MAPK was changed to Madrasah Aliyah Religious (MAK) which focuses and strengthens the field of Islamic education. There are two strengthening of Islamic education in the national education system, namely strengthening Islamic educational institutions, and strengthening religious subjects in all schools both under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion and other Ministries. Keywords: National Education System of Indonesia, Development of Islamic Education, Strengthening National Education System

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases with the highest mortality rate, based on the results of the International Diabetes Federation, Indonesia is the 4th largest country for the prevalence of 8,6% of the total population diabetes mellitus. One of the chemical contents of sappan wood is braziline which is a group of flavonoids that act as antioxidants. This study was conducted to determine the antihyperglycemic effect of the sappan wood to male mice of alloxan. In this study using 15 mice were divided into five groups, metformin group I (positive control), group II,III,and IV infusion sappan wood 10% w/v,15%w/v and 20%w/v and group V aquadest (negative control). Measured levels of fasting blood glucose (initial concentration), after induction of alloxan intraperitoneally 120mg/kgBB and therapy during 15 days. The data obtained were processed statistically one way ANOVA. Based on the statistical analysis showed that the aquadest group was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to all test groups sappan wood and metformin. All sappan wood test group showed no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to the metformin group. Based on the results of this study concluded that the sappan wood 10%w/v;15%w/v;20%w/v have an antihyperglycemic effect and not significantly different (p>0.05) compared to metformin.

Galing (Cayratia trifolia L.Domin) merupakan tumbuhan yang sering digunakan sebagai obat keputihan, kandungan dari tumbuhanini adalah asam hidrisinat, delphinidin, flavonoid, alkaloid, fitosterol, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui aktivitas antijamur dari purifikasi ekstrak daun galing terhadap Candida albicans dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasiefektif ekstrak terpurifikasi daun galing sebagai antijamur C. albicans. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental,dengan desain RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap). Ekstrak terpurifikasi daun galing dibuat dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%,kemudian ini dilakukan pengujian antijamur dengan metode cylinder cup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrakterpurifikasi daun galing memiliki aktivitas antijamur yakni konsentrasi 10% memiliki rata - rata zona hambat 9 mm, konsentrasi20% memiliki rata-rata zona hambat 11 mm, konsentrasi 30% memiliki rata-rata zona hambat 15,6 mm. Berdasarkam uji statistikANOVA, terlihat bahwa Fhitung (98,2) > Ftabel (3,48) yang berarti perlakuan yang diuji memberikan hasil yang signifikan terhadappertumbuhan jamur C. albicans. Untuk uji lanjut BNT menunjukkan hasil konsentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas antijamur C. albicanspaling efektif.Kata kunci: antijamur, Candida albicans, daun galing, purifikasi, zona hambat

The essential consideration is whether hermeneutics as an alternative approach can provide a dialogue between the texts and reality. This is library research, in which the data sources obtained through various written works, both in the form of books and journals. The study is descriptive qualitative that provides a clear picture and systematic about the methodology of Islamic legal thought Fazlur Rahman understandings.  To synchronize his background with interpretations, then used a normative theological approach, namely an approach that emphasizes form religious symbols originating from the Quran and sunnah text. The double movement hermeneutic theory is his effort in dialoguing between text and context. He appreciates history and adapts developments in every space and time. He tried to do a two-way movement. First, moving from the context of reality to the historical context of texts. Second, moving from the context of historical facts to the context of contemporary reality. Errors in interpreting text often occur due to the separation between the text from its context. In these circumstances, the double movement theory finds its relevance in making the Quran capable of dialogue with every dynamic that occurs. In this way, the text is always alive and as if it was revealed at this time. It contributes to the development of a paradigm of religious moderation. The double movement has strong historical roots in the science of the Quran, including asbab al-nuzul, makkiyah-madaniyah, and nasikh-mansukh.

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).

Galing (Cayratia trifolia Domin.) have been used empirically to treat various diseases, one of them is antidiabetic. Objective: To determine the phytochemical content and the activity of the ethanol extract of the galing stem as antioxidant and antidiabetic. Method: The galing stem extract was investigated for phytochemical by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and its antioxidant activity using DPPH scavenging activity assay. In vivo, antidiabetic test was conducted by animal diabetes modeling that has given streptozotocin 150 g/kg BW and 10% of sucrose solution intraperitoneally. The average level of fasting blood glucose at 307 mg/dL. Mice were divided into 6 groups, normal control group, diabetes induction group, positive group (treated by glibenclamide) and treatment group consisted of three groups were treated by ethanol extract of galing stem in dose 400, 500, and 600 mg/kg BW, respectively. Mice treated with appropriate doses of each treatment once a day for 7 days. The measuring blood glucose level was using a photometer 5010V5+. Results: The ethanol extract of galing stem contained the alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and triterpene. It is potential as an antioxidant with the IC 50 61,52 mg/L which indicated that the extract had strong antioxidant. The antidiabetic activity showed that the effect of extract 400 and 500 mg/kg BW are not different significantly with glibenclamide in reducing blood glucose levels subset of the statistics ANOVA (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of galing steam is potent as an antioxidant due to the phytochemical content inside particularly the flavonoid compound. Key words: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Galing stem, Mice, Phytochemical. Indonesian people as traditional medicine is galing (Cayratia trifolia Domin). The roots of galing have been used empirically to treat various diseases, such as poultice on boil surface. The seeds infuse and galing bulbs extract traditionally been used for diabetic patients to lower the blood sugar levels, galing also has efficacious as anti-diuretic, anti-tumor, neuralgia, and splenopathy. The bulbs commonly are used in snakebite treatment. 7 Research conducted by Batra et al. 8 showed that flavonoids contained by the galing roots have antidiabetic effect which improves pancreatic β-cells that have been damaged. 8 However, the activity of galing stem as antidiabetic has not been tested scientifically. Therefore we are interested in conducting the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic effects of stem galing ethanol extract in mice by of streptozotocin inducing method. 687 0.1 M, FeCl 3 1%, sucrose 10%, citrate buffer and TLC silica gel plate of 60 GF254 was purchased from Merck. Distilled water was obtained through a Millipore-Q50 Ultrapure water system (Sartorius). The stock solution of DPPH (c = 100 mg/L) was prepared by dissolving 5 μg of DPPH with 20 ml ethanol and diluted to 50 ml. The stock solution of ascorbic acid (c = 100 mg/L) was prepared by dissolving 5 mg with 10 ml ethanol and diluted to 50 ml in the flask. M...

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).

Imunomodulator merupakan bahan yang dapat mengembalikan ketidakseimbangan sistem imun. Spons Xestospongia Sp. diduga mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai agen imunomodulator. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. terhadap aktivitas fagositosis makrofag. Sebanyak dua puluh empat ekor mencit jantan galur Balb/C umur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 20-30 gram dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 100 mg/kgBB, kelompok kedua mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 200 mg/kgBB, kelompok ketiga mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 300 mg/kgBB dan kelompok keempat mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 400 mg/kgBB. Kelompok kontrol positif mendapat ekstrak Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/gBB dan kelompok kontrol negatif mendapatkan Na-CMC 0,5%. Ekstrak diberikan secara peroral sejak hari pertama hingga ketujuh. Pada hari kedelapan masing-masing mencit diinjeksikan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 0,5 mL secara intra peritoneal. Aktivitas sel makrofag dihitung dari apusan cairan peritoneum mencit. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. meningkatkan jumlah aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dari 24,25 % (Na-CMC), 34,25% (100 mg/kgBB), 47,00% (200 mg/kgBB), 59,50 % (300 mg/kgBB) dan 62,75% (400 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. memiliki potensi sebagai imunomodulator pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB dengan efektivitas yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (Stimuno®) dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag berdasarkan hasil uji statistik post hoc TUKEY (sig. > 0,05).