<p>In Vitro Conservation of Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)<br />Merr.) cv Srinyonya Using Osmoticum and Retardant.<br />Iswari S. Dewi, Gani Jawak, Ika Roostika, M. Sabda,<br />Bambang S. Purwoko, and Widiati H. Adil. Pomelo is an<br />underutilized citrus fruit with a potential for commercialization.<br />Only some cultivars have been conserved ex situ, such<br />as in home yards or in botanical gardens. Such collections<br />are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic hazards. The goal of the<br />experiment was to study the effect of osmoticum (sorbitol)<br />and retardant (ancymidol) on in vitro growth of pomelo.<br />Four-leaf in vitro shoots of pomelo cultivar Srinyonya were<br />used as plant materials. Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium was<br />used as the basal medium for the culture. The trial was<br />arranged in a completely randomized design with three<br />replications. The treatments consisting of MS + sorbitol (0,<br />20, 40, and 60 g/l) and MS + ancymidol (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l).<br />The results indicated that based on plant height, number of<br />new leaves, and visual plant architecture, sorbitol treatments<br />from 20-60 g/l retard the growth of the pomelo plant significantly.<br />On the other hand, ancymidol did not inhibit the<br />pomelo growth significantly, but it was a suitable osmoticum<br />for improvement of in vitro plant vigor, increasing green<br />color of leaf, and increasing root initiation. Leaf senescence<br />of in vitro plants cultured on media containing sorbitol 40<br />and 60 g/l began 20 week after storage. The best medium for<br />conservation of pomelo cv Srinyonya was MS + 20 g<br />sorbitol/l.</p>
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>In vitro conservation has been applied to many species. However, the suppression of explant growth is essential for extending the duration of conservation. The objective of the research was to study in vitro growth response of pummelo cv. Nambangan to conservation medium containing osmotically active compound (osmoticum) or growth suppressant (retardant). Two sets of experiments were conducted using randomized complete design and replicated three times. In vitro shoot with four leaves from pummelo, namely cultivar Nambangan, were used as the plant materials. The treatment in the first experiment was MS + osmoticum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, and 60 g L-1) and in the second experiment was MS + retardant (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg L-1). The resultsindicated that senescence of the leaf was induced by 20, 40, and 60 g L-1of mannitol. The best media in inhibition of growth for pummelo cv. Nambangan was MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. With this media, plant was inhibited but grew normally with green leaf and root.</p><p>Keywords: mannitol, minimal growth, paclobutrazol, pummelo</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Konservasi in vitro sudah banyak dilakukan pada berbagai spesies. Penghambatan pertumbuhansangat penting bagi lamanya tanaman dapat disimpan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan in vitro pamelo cv. Nambangan terhadap media konservasi mengandung osmotikum atau penghambat pertumbuhan (retardan). Dua percobaan dilakukan terpisah menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Tunas hasil perbanyakan in vitro dengan 4 daun, digunakan sebagai eksplan. Perlakuan pada percobaan pertama adalah MS + osmotikum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, 60 g L-1) dan pada percobaan kedua adalah MS + retardan (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3,5 mg L-1). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa daun mengalami senesen oleh perlakuan mannitol. Media yang direkomendasikan untuk konservasi pamelo cv. Nambangan adalah MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. Dengan media tersebut pertumbuhan dihambat, tetapi tetap normal, berakar dengan daun tetap hijau.</p><p>Kata kunci: mannitol, pertumbuhan minimal, paclobutrazol, pamelo</p>
<p>Indonesia memiliki sumber daya genetik ubi yang cukup beragam. Sekitar 2.500 aksesi yang mencakup setidaknya 8 jenis ubi di-konservasi di bank gen lapangan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen). Tulisan ini memberikan pandangan mengenai pengelolaan koleksi sumber daya genetik aneka ubi yang dikoservasi di BB Biogen pada kurun waktu 2010–2019. Tulisan mencakup hambatan dalam pengelolaan, langkah-langkah yang telah ditempuh, dan langkah ke depan yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam kegiatan konservasi. Sumber data dukung utama diperoleh dari laporan tahunan kegiatan, sedangkan konsep dasar dan pedoman pengelolaan sumber daya genetik dari sumber terpercaya dijadikan sebagai acuan. Konservasi sumber daya genetik aneka ubi di BB Biogen mengalami berbagai kendala yang menyebabkan hilangnya sejumlah aksesi. Hambatan utama dalam pengelolaan aneka ubi di lapangan adalah kurang diprioritaskannya kegiatan konservasi. Beberapa pendekatan telah dilakukan untuk mengu-rangi terjadinya kehilangan aksesi, seperti pemindahan lokasi dan penggantian sistem tanam, dan perbaikan pengelolaan tenaga teknis lapangan. Pemindahan tanam dari pertanaman lapangan ke pertanaman di pot disertai penunjukan tenaga teknis khusus yang telah dilakukan terhadap enam komoditas ubi menunjukkan kondisi hasil pertanaman yang lebih baik dan berkurangnya kasus kehilangan aksesi. Upaya ini perlu diteruskan dan diterapkan untuk seluruh koleksi ubi. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan, pendekatan proaktif pada aspek yang lain juga diperlukan. Pada aspek administrasi, sistem pengelolaan yang mandiri dengan dukungan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, fasilitas, dan pembiayaan yang memadai dibutuhkan untuk menjamin keber-langsungan kegiatan operasional bank gen. Pada aspek teknis, perlu dilakukan rasionalisasi aksesi, pembentukan koleksi inti, dan meningkatkan penyimpanan duplikat keamanan melalui konservasi berbasis in vitro.</p>
Belitung is one of potential food crops, which has a lot of benefit. Collection of belitung germplasm conserved in the field is sometimes lost or damaged by biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, in vitro conservation is very important to do to minimize loss of collection. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of benzylaminopurine (BAP) on in vitro shoot multiplication of belitung and to study the influences of osmoticum (mannitol) and retardant (paclobutrazol/PBZ) to the growth of belitung culture. Experimental design used in this research was Randomized Completely Design with three replications. Shoots from sucker were used as explant. In this study of shoot multiplication, the treatment medium was MS + BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l). In the study of conservation, the treatment medium was MS + 30 g/l sucrose, ½ MS + 30 g/l sucrose, MS + 15 g/l sucrose, MS + mannitol (20, 40, 60 g/l), and MS + PBZ (1, 2, 3 mg/l). The result showed that the addition of BAP into MS medium increased number of shoot. The best medium for micropropagation of belitung germplasm was MS + BAP 3 mg/l. The highest number of shoot (7.6 shoots) was produced by MS + BAP 3 mg/l medium. MS + mannitol (20 g/l and 40 g/l) and MS + PBZ (1, 2, 3 mg/l) medium could reduce the plant growth. MS + PBZ 2 mg/l was the best medium for belitung conservation. This media could reduce plant growth during 8 months conservation period and prolong subculture interval.
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