<p>In Vitro Conservation of Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)<br />Merr.) cv Srinyonya Using Osmoticum and Retardant.<br />Iswari S. Dewi, Gani Jawak, Ika Roostika, M. Sabda,<br />Bambang S. Purwoko, and Widiati H. Adil. Pomelo is an<br />underutilized citrus fruit with a potential for commercialization.<br />Only some cultivars have been conserved ex situ, such<br />as in home yards or in botanical gardens. Such collections<br />are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic hazards. The goal of the<br />experiment was to study the effect of osmoticum (sorbitol)<br />and retardant (ancymidol) on in vitro growth of pomelo.<br />Four-leaf in vitro shoots of pomelo cultivar Srinyonya were<br />used as plant materials. Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium was<br />used as the basal medium for the culture. The trial was<br />arranged in a completely randomized design with three<br />replications. The treatments consisting of MS + sorbitol (0,<br />20, 40, and 60 g/l) and MS + ancymidol (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l).<br />The results indicated that based on plant height, number of<br />new leaves, and visual plant architecture, sorbitol treatments<br />from 20-60 g/l retard the growth of the pomelo plant significantly.<br />On the other hand, ancymidol did not inhibit the<br />pomelo growth significantly, but it was a suitable osmoticum<br />for improvement of in vitro plant vigor, increasing green<br />color of leaf, and increasing root initiation. Leaf senescence<br />of in vitro plants cultured on media containing sorbitol 40<br />and 60 g/l began 20 week after storage. The best medium for<br />conservation of pomelo cv Srinyonya was MS + 20 g<br />sorbitol/l.</p>
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>In vitro conservation has been applied to many species. However, the suppression of explant growth is essential for extending the duration of conservation. The objective of the research was to study in vitro growth response of pummelo cv. Nambangan to conservation medium containing osmotically active compound (osmoticum) or growth suppressant (retardant). Two sets of experiments were conducted using randomized complete design and replicated three times. In vitro shoot with four leaves from pummelo, namely cultivar Nambangan, were used as the plant materials. The treatment in the first experiment was MS + osmoticum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, and 60 g L-1) and in the second experiment was MS + retardant (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg L-1). The resultsindicated that senescence of the leaf was induced by 20, 40, and 60 g L-1of mannitol. The best media in inhibition of growth for pummelo cv. Nambangan was MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. With this media, plant was inhibited but grew normally with green leaf and root.</p><p>Keywords: mannitol, minimal growth, paclobutrazol, pummelo</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Konservasi in vitro sudah banyak dilakukan pada berbagai spesies. Penghambatan pertumbuhansangat penting bagi lamanya tanaman dapat disimpan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan in vitro pamelo cv. Nambangan terhadap media konservasi mengandung osmotikum atau penghambat pertumbuhan (retardan). Dua percobaan dilakukan terpisah menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Tunas hasil perbanyakan in vitro dengan 4 daun, digunakan sebagai eksplan. Perlakuan pada percobaan pertama adalah MS + osmotikum (mannitol 0, 20, 40, 60 g L-1) dan pada percobaan kedua adalah MS + retardan (paclobutrazol 0, 1, 3,5 mg L-1). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa daun mengalami senesen oleh perlakuan mannitol. Media yang direkomendasikan untuk konservasi pamelo cv. Nambangan adalah MS + paclobutrazol 1 mg L-1. Dengan media tersebut pertumbuhan dihambat, tetapi tetap normal, berakar dengan daun tetap hijau.</p><p>Kata kunci: mannitol, pertumbuhan minimal, paclobutrazol, pamelo</p>
The attack Ganoderma boninense can caused stem rot of oil palms that occur at all stage of plant growth. Trichoderma asperellum endophytic can suppressed the attack of Ganoderma in a nursery by utilizing seed coating technology. The aim of this study was to determine the best formula of seed coating materials which is compatible with T. asperellum (T13). The first experiment consisted of two phases, namely, the first phase was testing the effectiveness and compatibility of T. asperellum through a mixing technique of T. asperellum suspension with coating material. The best three result on the first phase (25 percent arabic gum, 1 percent CMC, and 3percent arabic gum + 1 percent gypsum) were used in the second phase of the experiment, which was testing the effectiveness and compatibility of T. asperellum through soaking technique in T. asperellum suspension that continued by coating. The three best result types of formulas from the second phase (1 percent CMC, 1.5 percent CMC, and 4,5 percent arabic gum + 1,5 percent gypsum) were used for the second experiment, namely testing the resistance of oil palm seed on Ganoderma. The results show that 25 percent arabic gum, 1 percent carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), 1 percent arabic gum + 1 percent gypsum have a potency as coating of materials. The best formula for seed coating is soaking with T. asperellum + coating 1 percent CMC, 1.5 percent CMC and arabic gum 4.5 percent + gypsum 1.5 percent. In addition, soaking seeds with T. asperellum + coating 1.5 percent CMC can enhance the ability of seed to grow up to 16.67 percent compared to the control, but did not effective in suppressing G. boninense infection during prenursery stage.
Pengujian viabilitas benih merupakan salah satu uji rutin yang dilakukan dalam proses sertifikasi benih. Penurunan viabilitas benih dapat dilakukan secara biokimiawi dan secara fisiologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maksud untuk mempelajari kemunduran benih melalui pengujian secara biokimiawi dan secara fisiologi. Penelitian menggunakan dua lot benih kacang panjang (lot tinggi dan lot rendah). Uji viabilitas benih secara fisiologi dilakukan melalui uji daya berkecambah dan secara biokimiawi melalui uji respirasi dengan teknik pewarnaan menggunakan tetrazolium (TTZ) dan metode titrasi. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lot benih beberbeda nyata terhadap tolok ukur uji tetrazolium dan berat kering kecambah total sedangkan untuk tolok ukur indeks vigor, daya berkecambah, dan respirasi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Terdapat korelasi yang positif tinggi pada tingkat respirasi benih lot tinggi dan benih lot benih rendah terhadap tolok ukur berat kering kecambah total, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan uji tetrazolim. Oleh karena itu, uji biokimiawi dengan TTZ dan respirasi dengan metode titrasi dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk menduga kemunduran benih dengan cepat.
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