Due to COVID-19 pandemic, most of the people are experiencing anxiety and depression like symptoms. Lockdown and high transmission potential of COVID-19 are 2factors causing mental distress in people. Thus, this study was aimed to find the risk and influencing factors of developing mental health problems in Pakistani population.
→What this article adds:The result of this study showed that most of the people are well aware of COVID-19, and anxiety and depression symptoms are significantly associated with females and people who are not well aware. Mental health of undergraduate medical students and young people are at more risk of developing psychological symptoms.
Formaldehyde is a primary chemical in the manufacturing of various consumer products. It is synthesized via partial oxidation of methanol using a mixed oxide iron molybdate catalyst (Fe2(MoO4)3–MoO3). This is one of the standard energy-efficient processes. The mixed oxide iron molybdate catalyst is an attractive commercial catalyst for converting methanol to formaldehyde. However, a detailed phase analysis of each oxide phase and a complete understanding of the catalyst formulation and deactivation studies is required. It is crucial to correctly formulate each oxide phase and influence the synthesis methods precisely. A better tradeoff between support and catalyst and oxygen revival on the catalyst surface is vital to enhance the catalyst’s selectivity, stability, and lifetime. This review presents recent advances on iron molybdate’s catalytic behaviour for formaldehyde production—a deep recognition of the catalyst and its critical role in the processes are highlighted. Finally, the conclusion and prospects are presented at the end.
Electrospinning is an intensely facile methodology for the precise manufacturing of polymer nanofibers by manipulation of electrostatic force, which stunts like a driving force. In this technique, fibers produced with a diameter range between 50 to 500 nm. Two practices are made up by the scientists for electrospinning of versatile polymer. Polymers can be electrospun into ultrafine fibers in solvent solution or melt form. Tremendous progress had been made in this field in the past, and numerous applications were inaugurated. It’s a field of nanotechnology which rapidly growing due to enormous potential in creating novel applications regarding morphologies, materials structure, surface area, porosity, and Reinforcement in nanocomposite development. Fibers can be assembled in the form of nonwoven, aligned, patterned, random three-dimensional structures and sub-micron fibers. Many complications faced during electrospinning, for example, control the morphology and structure of Nanofibers, analyze surface functionality, and assembling strategies for various polymers. We need to find out various parameters for accurate fiber assembly. Here we briefly review the evolution activities in the field of electrospinning, understand its process, polymeric structure, property characterization, technology frailty, research provocations, future expectations, and resourceful applications.
The study on weed control in chickpea was conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad to evaluate the performance of selected Pre-emergence herbicides; ronstar, stomp, tolkin and tribunil and post-emergence herbicides; flex, fusilade and tribunil. Treatment-wise per hectare cost incurred on pre-emergence herbicides was Rs.540, Rs.247, Rs. 270 and Rs.369, whereas on post-emergence herbicides,it was Rs.36, Rs. 225, Rs.261, Rs.374, Rs. 369 and Rs.1050. These herbicides were applied alone and in combinations to study broad spectrum performance, if any. Two checks, hand weeded and weedy plots were kept for comparison of yield and economic gains. Chickpea variety was CM-72. Almost all the herbicides treated and hand weeded plots controlled the weeds density per unit area by 21 to 141% and significantly increased the grain yield by 14 to 141% or 332 kg haG 1 to 735 kg haG 1 . Amongst pre-emergence herbicides, ronstar and Stomp gave the highest net return/per rupee investment of Rs.1:3.76 and Rs.1:2.74 respectively, followed by tribunil and tolkan to the tune of Rs.1: 2.70, while the post-emergence herbicide Fusilade applied at 0.75 and 0.50 kg a.i. haG 1 gave net return of Rs.2.36 and 2.10. post-emergence herbicide flex followed these treatments and earned net return of Rs.1.99. Low return from flex alone or when mixed with fusilade are likely due to phytotoxicity caused by flex being non-selective against broadleaf plants. Hand weeding though gave quite reasonable yield of 776 kg haG 1 , yet its return were lowest because of low labor efficiency at high cost of prevailing daily wages.
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