Rapid developments in the fields of information and communication technology and microelectronics allowed seamless interconnection among various devices letting them to communicate with each other. This technological integration opened up new possibilities in many disciplines including healthcare and well-being. With the aim of reducing healthcare costs and providing improved and reliable services, several healthcare frameworks based on Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) have been developed. However, due to the critical and heterogeneous nature of healthcare data, maintaining high quality of service (QoS) -in terms of faster responsiveness and data-specific complex analytics -has always been the main challenge in designing such systems. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a five-layered heterogeneous mist, fog, and cloud based IoHT framework capable of efficiently handling and routing (near-)real-time as well as offline/batch mode data. Also, by employing software defined networking and link adaptation based load balancing, the framework ensures optimal resource allocation and efficient resource utilization. The results, obtained by simulating the framework, indicate that the designed network via its various components can achieve high QoS, with reduced end-to-end latency and packet drop rate, which is essential for developing next generation e-healthcare systems.

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Current developments in nanotechnology make electromagnetic communication possible at the nanoscale for applications involving Body Sensor Networks (BSNs). This specialized branch of Wireless Sensor Networks, drawing attention from diverse fields such as engineering, medicine, biology, physics and computer science, has emerged as an important research area contributing to medical treatment, social welfare, and sports. The concept is based on the interaction of integrated nanoscale machines by means of wireless communications. One key hurdle for advancing nanocommunications is the lack of an apposite networking protocol to address the upcoming needs of the nanonetworks. Recently, some key challenges have been identified, such as nanonodes with extreme energy constraints, limited computational capabilities, Terahertz frequency bands with limited transmission range, etc., in designing protocols for wireless nanosensor networks. This work proposes an improved performance scheme of nanocommunication over Terahertz bands for wireless BSNs making it suitable for smart e-health applications. The scheme contains -a new energy-efficient forwarding routine for electromagnetic communication in wireless nanonetworks consisting of hybrid clusters with centralized scheduling; a model designed for channel behavior taking into account the aggregated impact of molecular absorption, spreading loss, and shadowing; and an energy model for energy harvesting and consumption. The outage probability is derived for both single and multilinks and extended to determine the outage capacity. The outage probability for a multilink is derived using a cooperative fusion technique at a predefined fusion node. Simulated using a Nano-Sim simulator, performance of the proposed model has been evaluated for energy efficiency, outage capacity, and outage probability. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme through maximized energy utilization in both single and multihop communication; multisensor fusion at the fusion node enhances the link quality of the transmission.

Background and Purpose-Recanalization rates are higher in acute anterior stroke treated with stent-retrievers when compared with older techniques. However, some still have sizeable infarcts and poor outcome. This may be related to underestimation of core infarct on nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT). CT angiography (CTA) source images (CTASI) and CT perfusion may be more informative. We hypothesize that core infarct estimation with NECT, CTA, and CT perfusion predicts infarct at 24 hours and outcome after fast recanalization. Methods-Consecutive good recanalization patients with proximal anterior circulation stroke were evaluated. We assessed Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTs) on NECT for subtle early infarct, hypodensity, loss of gray-white (CTASI), and low cerebral blood volume (CBV; CT perfusion). Sensitivity and specificity for predicting infarct by region were calculated. Results-Of 46 patients, 36 (78%) had successful thrombectomy. Median ASPECTS was 10 for NECT early infarct and frank hypodensity; for CBV, CTASI-ASPECTS was 8. CTASI had the highest sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 82% for 24 hours NECT infarct. There was moderate correlation and concordance between CBV/24-hour NECT (R p =0.51; R c =0.50) and CTASI/24-hour NECT (R p =0.54 and R c =0.53). Thirty-four patients (74%) had good outcomes. Median ASPECTS was higher on CTASI (8 versus 5; P=0.04) and CBV (9 versus 5; P=0.03) for patients with good versus bad outcome. There were better outcomes with increasing CTASI-ASPECTS (P=0.004) and CBV-ASPECTS (P=0.02). Conclusions-CTASI

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We describe a case of iatrogenic carotid injury with secondary carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) treated with a silk flow diverter stent placed within the injured internal carotid artery and coils placed within the cavernous sinus. Flow diverters may offer a simple and potentially safe vessel-sparing option in this rare complication of transsphenoidal surgery. The management options are discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.