To develop novel, selective, and reversible MAO-B inhibitors for safer treatment of Parkinson's disease, benzothiazole and benzoxazole derivatives with indole moiety were designed and synthesized. Most of the synthesized compounds showed inhibitory activities against MAO-B and selectivity over MAO-A. The most active compound was compound 5b, 6-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)benzo[d]thiazole with an IC value of 28 nM with no apparent effect on MAO-A activity at 10 μM. Based on the reversibility assay, compound 5b turned out to be fully reversible with over 95% of recovery of enzyme activity after washout of the compound. Compound 5b showed a reasonable stability in human liver microsomes and did not affect the activities of CYP isozymes, suggesting an absence of high-risk drug-drug interaction. In an in vivo MPTP-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease, oral administration of compound 5b showed neuroprotection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons as revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase staining and prevention of MPTP-induced parkinsonism as revealed by motor behavioral assay of vertical grid test. In summary, the novel, reversible, and selective MAO-B inhibitor compound 5b was synthesized and characterized. We propose compound 5b as an effective therapeutic compound for relieving parkinsonism.

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e EU GDPR comes into effect on May 25, 2018. Under this regulation, stronger legislation than the existing directive can be enforced. e IoT industry, especially among various industries, is expected to be heavily influenced by GDPR since it uses diverse and vast amounts of personal information. is paper first analyzes how the IoT industry handles personal information and summarizes why it is affected by GDPR. e paper then uses the cost definition of Gordon and Loeb model to estimate how GDPR affects the cost of IoT firms qualitatively and uses the statistical and legal bases to estimate quantitatively. From a qualitative point of view, GDPR impacted the preventative cost and legal cost of the Gordon and Loeb model. Quantitative view showed that the cost of IoT firms after GDPR could increase by three to four times on average and by 18 times if the most. e study finally can be applied to situational awareness of the economic impact on the certain industry.

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It is essential to build a practical environment of the training/test site for cyber training and weapon system test evaluation. In a military environment, cyber training sites should be continuously developed according to the characteristics of the military. Weapons with cyber security capabilities should be deployed through cyber security certification. Recently, each military has been building its own cyber range that simulates its battlefield environment. However, since the actual battlefield is an integrated operation environment, the cyber range built does not reflect the integrated battlefield environment that is interconnected. This paper proposes a configuration plan and operation function to construct a multi-cyber range reflecting the characteristics of each military to overcome this situation. In order to test the multi-cyber range, which has scenario authoring and operation functions, and can faithfully reflect reality, the impact of DDoS attacks is tested. It is a key to real-world mission-based test evaluation to ensure interoperability between military systems. As a result of the experiment, it was concluded that if a DDoS attack occurs due to the infiltration of malicious code into the military network, it may have a serious impact on securing message interoperability between systems in the military network. Cyber range construction technology is being developed not only in the military, but also in school education and businesses. The proposed technology can also be applied to the construction of cyber ranges in industries where cyber-physical systems are emphasized. In addition, it is a field that is continuously developing with the development of technology, such as being applied as an experimental site for learning machine learning systems.

North Korean cyber-attack groups such as Kimsuky, Lazarus, Andariel, and Venus 121 continue to attempt spear-phishing APT attacks that exploit social issues, including COVID-19. Thus, along with the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, related threats also persist in cyberspace. In January 2022, a hacking attack, presumed to be Kimsuky, a North Korean cyber-attack group, intending to steal research data related to COVID-19. The problem is that the activities of cyber-attack groups are continuously increasing, and it is difficult to accurately identify cyber-attack groups and attack origins only with limited analysis information. To solve this problem, it is necessary to expand the scope of data analysis by using BGP archive data. It is necessary to combine infrastructure and network information to draw correlations and to be able to classify infrastructure by attack group very accurately. Network-based infrastructure analysis is required in the fragmentary host area, such as malware or system logs. This paper studied cyber ISR and BGP and a case study of cyber ISR visualization for situational awareness, hacking trends of North Korean cyber-attack groups, and cyber-attack tracking. Through related research, we estimated the origin of the attack by analyzing hacking cases through cyber intelligence-based profiling techniques and correlation analysis using BGP archive data. Based on the analysis results, we propose an implementation of the cyber ISR visualization method based on BGP archive data. Future research will include a connection with research on a cyber command-and-control system, a study on the cyber battlefield area, cyber ISR, and a traceback visualization model for the origin of the attack. The final R&D goal is to develop an AI-based cyber-attack group automatic identification and attack-origin tracking platform by analyzing cyber-attack behavior and infrastructure lifecycle.

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