Hypertension is one of non-communicable diseases which prevalence is high in Indonesia, not only among adult and elderly but also among adolescent. Hypertension can be caused by various factors including fat intake, fi ber intake and nutritional status. The purpose of this study was analyze the correlation of fat intake, fi ber intake, and obesity with hypertension among female students at Vocational high school, Bekasi, Indonesia. This was a cross sectional study among 255 female students who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Hypertension was measured using sphygmomanometer with 95 percentile cut-off based on sex, age, and body height (cut-off hypertension was > 104-115 mmHg systolic and > 62-68 mmHg diastolic blood pressure). Fat and fi ber intake were assessed using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and obesity was measured using digital weighing scales and microtoise. Data were analyzed by chi square test. The results showed that prevalence of female students with low f fat intake was 58,8%; low fi ber intake was 82,0%; obesity was 25,1%; and hypertension was 16,5%. There was a positive correlation between fat intake (p=0,011) and obesity (p<0,01) with hypertension but no correlation was found between fi ber intake (p=0,916) and hypertension. Fat intake and obesity were related to the hypertension in adolescents. Routine blood pressure checks and restrictions on fat intake are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension in adolescents.
Background In western countries, age at menarche (AAM) is nowadays lower than a century ago, coinciding with increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). This study aimed to determine the time trend in AAM, and its association with BMI and NCD prevalence at later age, in Indonesia. Methods We used secondary data of 15,744 women aged 15–65 years from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) conducted in the period 1993 to 2015. Multiple linear regression was applied to determine the association of AAM with BMI, and Poisson regression with robust variance for investigating the association of AAM with NCD prevalence ratios. Models were adjusted for age, and effect modification by wealth status, living area, and region was investigated. Results AAM has significantly declined from 14.4 (SD:2.1) years of age in the 1940s to 13.4 y (SD:1.5) in the 1990s. AAM was inversely associated with BMI (β: − 0.30 kg/m2, 95%CI: − 0.37, − 0.22) and body weight (β: − 0.67 kg, 95%CI: − 0.75, − 0.54), but was not associated with height. After adjustment for age, AAM was not associated with NCD, i.e. hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, asthma, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, or arthritis. Including BMI in the models did not change the results. Conclusions From the 1940s to 1990s, AAM has declined with 1 year in Indonesia. Women with earlier AAM had higher BMI and body weight at later age, but AAM was not associated with NCD prevalence in later life in the Indonesian population. Further longitudinal research is needed to disentangle the direction of causality of the associations.
Unsafe food for consumption can cause disease for humans, such as food poisoning and nosocomial infections. This study aimed to describe the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in Hospitals in Kendari City, Indonesia. This study used analytical descriptive approach, with a survey design. It was conducted at General Hospital Bahteramas and in Kendari City General Hospital. The respondents were part of the nutrition staffs, hosts, and waiters with total of 25 people from Bahteramas General Hospital and 19 people from Kendari City General Hospital. The results revealed that the implementation of HACCP in hospitals had never been implemented effectively, at the Bahteramas General Hospital, the implementation of HACCP starting from stage 1 to stage 12 had not been entirely implemented. In addition, whilst the application of HACCP in stages 2 to 5 had been carried out at the Kendari City Hospital, the 1 and steps 6 through 12 were not applied yet. Thus, based on the concepts of food hygiene and sanitation, the hospitals must strengthen their food management efforts, in order to implement the HACCP system and for health workers, food handlers, and food servicers.
This study is conducted to investigate the effect of contrast polarity towards eye fixation patterns when reading text on a smartphone in bright and dark conditions involving the effects when reading on a smartphone such as in real-life situations. The number of fixations and duration of fixation showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.160 and 0.099 respectively). However, emmetropic subjects showed a higher result in bright conditions compared to myopic subjects (p=0.046). This concludes that emmetropic eye movement efficiency seems superior, possibly due to lower spherical order aberration as pupil size decreases in bright illumination. Keywords: Contrast Polarity; Fixation Rates; Eye Tracking; Light conditions eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER & cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i24.4680
obesity has become more prevalent globally, which is explained by widespread dietary shifts toward energy-rich diets and a decline in physical activity [24]. The tendency to consume higher total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar has become part of adolescents' lifestyle [25]. Furthermore, nutritional studies revealed that many youngsters consumed insufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals, with girls being more likely than boys to fall into this category [26]. A variety of factors, such as peer pressure, parental modelling, food availability, dietary preferences, pricing, convenience, personal and cultural values, mass media, and body image, have an impact on eating patterns and behaviour [27,28]. These factors can be broadly divided into two categories: personal variables, such as attitudes, beliefs, food preferences, self-efficacy, and biological changes; and environmental influences, such as peer networks, family, and friends [25]. The rapid growth that adolescents undergo in terms of physical changes, combined with increased loss of nutrients (such as loss of iron through menstrual blood among girls), make adolescents susceptible to nutritional deficiencies [21]. Therefore, adequate dietary intake is crucial reach their full growth potential.
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