This study presents the ductility evaluation of reinforced concrete column made of normal-strength material using various empirical stress-strain model with nonlinear sectional fiber based analysis. The purpose is to evaluate the confinement requirement for reinforced concrete column under high axial load level. The concrete strength considered in the analysis are varies from 30 to 70 MPa while the steel reinforcing bar yield strength considered is only 400 MPa. The ductility is evaluated by using the customized ductility index measurement. The ratio of the concrete cover to the concrete core is set to 0.1 but not more than 40 mm. Attard and Setunge's concrete constitutive model is used in this investigation. Cover spalling behavior is considered in the analysis by including the restrained shrinkage effect on the concrete strength and the softening behavior. From this study, it was found that extra confinement is necessary to maintain the expected minimum level of ductility.
This paper presents strength reduction factor evaluation of circular reinforced concrete column with varying eccentricity ratio (e/h) using the first-order-reliability-methods. The resistance properties of the reinforced concrete column is estimated using the monte-carlo simulation with random normally distributed material properties. Only dead and live load combination considered in the analysis. The parameters being investigated when evaluating the resistance of the reinforced concrete column are the concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, coefficient of variation for both the concrete and steel materials, reinforced concrete column size, and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. When evaluating the strengthreduction factor, the safety index values are 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. From the analysis, it was found out that the strength reduction factor, for e/h higher than one and with safety index equal to 3.0, was equal to 0.9 which agrees well with the ACI 318 strength reduction factor for tension-controlled region. However, for e/h lower than one and safety index equal to 3.0, the strength reduction factor was equal to 0.6 which was lower than the ACI 318 strength reduction factor for compression-compression controlled region.
The experimental test was conducted on a new 60 m Steel Truss Bridge at Lumajang East Java. The Purpose of the test to observe the actual condition of the bridge before use for regular traffic. The static and dynamic loading test were applied. For static loading 63% of live load was applied. Several test instruments were installed to record all data during testing. Seven stages of loading were performed during static loading test. The structural analysis also performed as comparison with the experimental result. The experimental test and analytical study showed that the Steel Truss Bridge provides good performance refers to current Indonesian code.
This paper investigates the strength reduction factor () of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS). The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the strength reduction factor of the RC using the authors' developed code. This code is important for further research to check other important effects when high-strength materials are used. The investigated RC column concrete compressive strengths (fc) are 40 and 60 MPa while the rebar strengths (fy) are set to 320, 400, and 500 MPa. Fiber-based cross-sectional analysis is used to compute the axial-moment interaction capacity of the RC column. The concrete compressive block is used to model the concrete contribution and the bilinear stress-strain model is adopted for the rebar. These simplifications can reduce the difficulties when solving the equilibrium of the forces in the sectional analysis. The parameters used in the sensitivity analysis of the strength reduction factor () are the concrete compressive strength (fc), the rebar yield strength (fy), the longitudinal rebar ratio (), and the column size (b,h). The effect of the coefficient of variations for each material on the resistance variation coefficient of the RC is also investigated. From the analysis, it can be concluded that when the RC column falls in the tension-controlled region, the obtained strength reduction factor is 0.93 which is slightly higher than the value of in ACI 318-19. On the other hand, when the RC column falls in the compression-controlled region, the obtained strength reduction factor is 0.6 which is lower than the value of in ACI 318-19 which is 0.65.
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