Chemical composition of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) and oak (Quercus spp.) barksAbstract: In this study, the chemical composition of bark from oriental spruce (Picea orientalis), which occur as a result of logging production of forestry enterprises, and oak (Qercus spp.) bark, which are industrial waste of the wood panel industry after board production, were analyzed by wet chemical analysis of wood and analysis methods of phenolic compound. Ash content values of the barks obtained from Artvin and Trabzon area were 4.31% and 3.99%, respectively, while the oak bark samples were 10.02%. Hot water solubility of the spruce bark samples were higher than the oak bark samples. Residual lignin contents of Artvin spruce, Trabzon spruce, and oak were 19.53%, 20.61%, and 18.49%, while α-cellulose contents were 37.28%, 37.92%, and 41.59%, respectively. The results of the total phenol content and butanol-HCl assay showed that Artvin spruce barks had higher values than other bark samples. As hydrolysable tannins, there were gallo tannin in the samples of spruce and oak barks whereas ellagic tannin content has not been determined.
547.917During the last decades, considerable attention has been paid first to pine cone extracts, especially for production of commercial, medicinal, and preservative compounds. The carbohydrate composition of some pine cones and the resin acid composition as well as fungi-toxic activities of cone extractives were investigated by Michales et al. [1]. The characterization of pine cone polysaccharides and lignin was made by Eberhardt and Young [2]. The antioxidant activity and total phenol content of different components from pine species have been estimated [3]. The chemical constituents of pine cones from species Pinus annandii and Pinus sylvestris were identified by Yang et al. [4] and Ganenko et al. [5] respectively.Black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) is widely distributed in Turkey. It is one of the most popular trees for timber use. Because of the biomass potential value, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the composition of both main and extractive components of Turkish black pine cones. In order to determine the extent of the change in the chemical composition, fresh and several years seasoned old cones were studied separately.The amount of ash, extractives, and main components of fresh and old cones are given in Table 1. The ash and extractive content of old sample was higher than that of fresh one. It was assumed that the inorganic residues from the forest ground could not be completely removed by washing the old cones and at least a small part of the ash might have its origin in the forest soil.Considering the solubilities of hot water, 1% NaOH, alcohol-cyclohexane, and alcohol, new cones delivered slightly higher values. The Klason lignin content of cones was estimated in two ways; first, extractives were removed from cone meal with a two-step organic solvent extraction and thereafter the extracted material was hydrolyzed with 72% sulfuric acid, and secondly a third-step extraction with 1% NaOH was conducted before sulfuric acid treatment. From Table 1 it is apparent that the acid-insoluble parts of the fresh and old cones differ from each other remarkably when the material was prepared with or without 1% NaOH treatment.After the third-step alkali extraction, the results from both specimens were very close and they probably indicate real lignin values. The lower lignin amount after alkali extraction reveals that phenolic compounds in the cones led to overestimations in the Klason lignin content. Both the Klason-and acetyl bromide lignin content were determined in some pine cones [2]. They found that the Klason lignin content of cones had a wider range of values (26.9-42.4%). However, when they used the acetyl bromide method to determine lignin content, their results were lower than those of the Klason content. These acetyl bromide-lignin estimations are in good agreement with our results obtained after 1% NaOH treatment. Because conifer cones contain proanthocyanidin polymers and they precipitate after condensation in the acidic reactions, Eberhardt and Young explained the possibilit...
547.915 + 547.972 The MeOH extracts of wood and bark from Quercus hartwissiana have been investigated by GC-MS after derivatization, as well as by classical spectroscopic methods. The results for the free compounds revealed that ellagic acid, catechin, gallic acid, quercitol, and also long chain fatty acids, sugars, and sitosterol were the essential compounds in wood and bark, most of them being present in differing amounts. Quercitol, a characteristic compound for the oak wood tannin, was also recognized and determined in oak bark extracts in this study. Amounting to 1/4 th to 1/3 rd of the free compounds, the bark had the highest catechin content. While the content of sugars, such as fructose and glucose, increased in sapwood and bark extracts remarkably, the amounts of these compounds decreased in extracts of heartwood. The profile of the bound compounds contained sugars (i.e., arabinose, xylose, and, above all, glucose), ellagic and gallic acids, quercitols, and inositols. Compared with the composition of free compounds, the hydrolyzed extracts showed relatively higher amounts of sugars, especially glucose, gallic acid and quercitol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.