Ground mixed hardwood samples were hydrolyzed with cellulase before and after a short-term pretreatment with sulfuric acid in a plug flow reactor at 180, 200 and 220°C. SEM observations of the Substrates indicate that the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis can be attributed mainly to the increment in surface area. Lignin has an inhibiting effect on the enzyme äs it impedes physical contact between cellulose and enzyme. After delignification and alkali extraction alpha-cellulose can be converted by the enzyme almost completely into monomeric sugars.
The bark and wood of an endemic oak species in Turkey, Q. vulcanica, were investigated with regard to main components, phenolics as well as extractives. About 66 % of extract free wood consists of polysaccharides, i.e. cellulose and polyoses. Heartwood was found to be rich in ellagitannins, while in bark proanthocyanidins occurred in larger amounts. Extractives soluble in cyclohexane were divided into saponifiables and neutrals. Among saponifiables saturated acids made up the majority, while sterols and nonsteroidal triterpenes were the predominating compounds of the neutral fraction.
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