Any eye protrusion of more than 17.8 mm for Iranian children, 19 mm for Iranian teenagers, and 19.3 mm for Iranian adults and relative eye protrusion of more than 2 mm warrants further clinical examination. Age and base value had a significant impact on normal eye protrusion values.

Intravenous erythropoietin may be a new effective and safe treatment for patients with indirect TON.

Intravitreal injection of erythropoietin may be safe and effective in the treatment of NAION. The effect may last for a few months and then decline.

EPO, steroid, and observation showed a significant improvement of BCVA in patients with TON. Initial BCVA of NLP and late treatment (>3 days) were significant risk factors for visual improvement.

No abstract

PurposeTo review the current literature on ocular application of erythropoietin (EPO).MethodsA comprehensive search was performed on Pubmed and Scopus databases. All selected articles were reviewed thoroughly by the authors to review current applications of the EPO in ocular diseases.ResultsVarious aspects of administration of EPO for different ischemic, traumatic, vascular, and degenerative disorders have been explained. The articles are generally preclinical with few small studies reporting clinical outcomes.ConclusionEPO has been used for the treatment of different ophthalmic conditions with promising results. Further studies are needed to elaborate the role of EPO in management of ocular diseases.

NAION may be associated with decreased retrobulbar flow velocities and increased carotid wall thickness.

using the WaveLight excimer laser platform for PRK, CDVA and contrast sensitivity outcomes were statistically similar between the wavefront-optimized and topography-guided ablations in eyes with low to moderate myopia with and without astigmatism.