Normal Values of Hertel Exophthalmometry in Children, Teenagers, and Adults from Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Any eye protrusion of more than 17.8 mm for Iranian children, 19 mm for Iranian teenagers, and 19.3 mm for Iranian adults and relative eye protrusion of more than 2 mm warrants further clinical examination. Age and base value had a significant impact on normal eye protrusion values.

The Effect of Age, Gender, Refractive Status and Axial Length on the Measurements of Hertel Exophthalmometry

“…[11] attributed the higher male ocular protrusion to the greater body structure. In contrast, other researchers did not find a significant gender difference in ocular protrusion [4, 20]. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.123) between the two genders in accordance to finding in the literature.…”

“…Several studies demonstrated a decrease in ocular protrusion values after the age of 20 years according to the involutional orbital soft tissue atrophy [16, 20, 21]. Kashkouli et al .…”

“…Kashkouli et al . [20] and Nath et al . [21] demonstrated that protrusion of the eyeball significantly increased with aging in children and teenagers, but decreased with aging in adults.…”

“…In most studies, high myopia (< -6 D) was excluded to avoid the pseudo-proptosis effect of this condition [4, 9, 20]. In studies that evaluated the spherical equivalents and exophthalmometric value relation, no correlation between these two parameters was noted [6, 11].…”

Normal standards of eye projection in Turkish children 6 to 17 years of age

“…Nucci P et al reported Table 1 The descriptive characteristics of eye projection: number of subjects (n), mean (SD), median (min-max) for each age and gender that mean eye projection was 9.11 mm in 3-year-old, and 11.67 mm in 10-year-old children [13]. [16]. None of the children in our study had a relative exophthalmos greater than 2 mm.…”