Background and Objective. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic mucocutaneous disease. OLP can occur in different oral sites such as gingiva. The purpose of study was to evaluate the periodontal status of OLP patients with desquamative gingivitis (DG) and compare it with that of healthy control. Methods. This study was case-control. 32 patients with gingival OLP as a case group and 32 healthy subjects as a control group were selected. The periodontal status of all subjects including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) was evaluated in both groups. Finally data were analyzed by t-test. Results. The mean values of periodontal parameters were observed to be higher in case group compared with control group, and this was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Our results showed that periodontal status is worse in gingival OLP if compared with healthy controls.
Background:Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common inflammatory disease of unknown cause that knows also as a premalignant condition. Recent studies contributed nutritional factors to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune disorders. Objective: The aim of present study was to investigate the salivary levels of Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in this disorder. Materials and Methods:In this observational case-control study, the unstimulated saliva of 40 patients with OLP and 40 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were collected. The salivary levels of Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu were determined using ICP-AES. Results:Mg levels were significantly lower in OLP patients than in healthy controls, although it didn’t differ significantly between erosive and non-erosive types of Lichen Planus. Also there was no meaningful relationship between the levels of Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu in case and control groups. Conclusion:Trace elements such as Mg may have a role in ethiopathogenesis of OLP.
Context: Cotrimoxazole is one of the antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. The widespread use of this drug has led to increased resistance to cotrimoxazole among urinary tract pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the cotrimoxazole resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria by a systematic review and meta-analysis method.Evidence Acquisition: Several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran, IranDoc, MedLib, and SID were searched. From a total of 171 papers published from different regions of Iran from 1992 to May 2015, 67 were included in this study. To assess the quality of the study, the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist was employed. The I 2 index was used to determine heterogeneity and a random effects model to analyze the data. Results:The results showed that the prevalence of urinary tract infection was several times higher in women than in men. The most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections were E. coli 64%, Klebsiella 12%, Staphylococcus 10%, and Enterobacter (6%). The prevalence of cotrimoxazole resistance was as follows: E. coli 62% (95%CI: 60 -65), Klebsiella 54% (95% CI: 45 -62), Staphylococcus 55% (95% CI: 47 -63), and Enterobacter 52% (95% CI: 33 -70). Cotrimoxazole resistance in different studies varied from 22% in Arak to 88% in Ahvaz. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Escherichia coli, were the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infections. The majority of strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole. According to the findings, cotrimoxazole is not recommended as the firstline drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections in Iran.Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Cotrimoxazole, Antimicrobial Resistance, Meta-Analysis ContextUrinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection with the high economic burden that affects a large number of populations. The range of clinical symptoms of the infection is different from asymptomatic bacteriuria to bladder inflammation, pyelonephritis, septic shock, and defects in several organs (1, 2). Both hospitalacquired and community-acquired urinary tract infections can lead to serious complications such as urinary tract disorders, uremia, hypertension, and even death (3). It is the most common infection among patients admitted to hospitals and laboratories. It can be observed in all age groups and in both genders although it is more likely to occur among young women (4). Studies have indicated that about 50% of women and 12% of men suffer from urinary tract infection throughout their life (5). Moreover, 20 -30% of women experience a recurrence of this infection during 6 -12 months (5, 6). Therefore, this is a major public health problem (7). Throughout the world, about 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI each year (8). In most cases, bacterial agents, especially Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, are the cause of t...
Background During a migraine attack, trigeminal activation results in the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines playing an important role in migraine. We analyze the serum level of CGRP between two groups of migrainous patients (with aura and without aura) Materials and Methods Thirty six migraine patients (included 18 patients with aura and 18 without aura) additionally 18 healthy volunteers consisted control group were selected from the clinic of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, between March 2020 and November 2020. The CGRP level were determined from the sera of patients with migraine and control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was also determined to calculate the correlation between CGRP and clinical findings. Results The level of CGRP in groups were significantly different between groups (P = 0.00). Also, the level of CGRP in aura group were significantly higher than non-aura group (P = 0.045). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a positive and significant correlation between the CGRP concentration and age (p = 0.042, r = 0.172), BMI (p = 0.013, r = 0.08), VAS (P = 0.006 ,r = 0.09), frequency of attacks (p = 0.005, r = 0.9), duration of each attack (p = 0.016, r = 0.23), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale.(p = 0.00, r = 0.785), average of number of Medication (p = 0.00, r = 0.694). However, no significant correlation was observed with gender. (P > 0.05 ) Conclusions In our study, we found migraine patients had a higher CGRP level than healthy controls and the level of CGRP was related significantly with the duration, BMI, frequency of headache, age, number of headaches per day. In conclusion, our results confirmed that CGRP may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks and related with the multiple clinical characteristics.
Objectives Considering the prevalence of oral mucositis, we aimed to use the analgesic effects of doxepin with antimicrobial and bio-adhesive nature of chitosan to fabricate a nano-formulation for treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Materials and Method Nanogel was fabricated via ionic gelation and characterized. Sixty patients were randomly divided and received four different treatments for 14 days: diphenhydramine + aluminum-magnesium mouthwash (control), doxepin mouthwash (DOX MW), chitosan nanogel (CN), and doxepin/chitosan nanogel (CN + DOX). Lesions were assessed with four indices, national cancer institute (NCI), world health organization (WHO), and corld conference on clinical and research in nursing (WCCNR) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before and 3, 7, and 14 days after interventions. Kruskal Wallis test was used for pairwise comparison. Results CN had semisolid consistency, uniform spherical shape, an average size of 47.93 ± 21.69 nm and a zeta potential of + 1.02 ± 0.16 mV. Three days after intervention CN + DOX reduced WHO, WCCNR and VAS scores significantly more than control. Seven days after intervention CN + DOX reduced NCI and WCCNR significantly more than control; and it reduced WCCNR significantly more than CN. Fourteen days after intervention CN + DOX reduced NCI significantly more than control. Conclusion Chitosan-based doxepin nano-formulation might be a promising alternative for routine treatments of oral mucositis.
Objectives We aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri on treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods 60 participants were randomly allocated into two groups (control and probiotic). Probiotic group administered topical probiotic nano-formulation three times a day for seven days. The control group administered a standard analgesic oral rinse. The size of ulcer(s) and pain severity were recorded on days 0, 3, 5, and 7 after intervention. Results Before the intervention, the groups had no significant differences in pain severity and lesion size. Both groups reduced pain severity and lesion size during the intervention. After one week, the probiotic group had a significantly larger lesion size reduction (7.41 ± 1.79 mm) than the control (5.94 ± 1.59 mm). The probiotic group also significantly reduced pain severity (6.54 ± 1.56 scores) than the control (5.82 ± 1.66 scores). Conclusions Applying topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri three times a day decreased lesion size and pain severity in RAS patients faster than the local analgesic oral rinse. Clinical relevance : Lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation might be a promising treatment option for RAS.
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