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Drain insertion in parotid surgery doesn't affect seroma or haematoma formation post-operatively. Drainless parotidectomy patients' experienced less post-operative pain and less post-operative hospital stay. The usage of a scalpel in raising the skin flap in parotid surgery resulted in more intraoperative blood loss than utilizing electrocautary in raising the skin flap. However, both techniques did not affect, flap integrity, post-operative seroma or hematoma formation .

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is the second source of sugar all over the world. A field experiment was carried out during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons to study the performance of two sugar beet varieties under three planting densities and three planting dates. Planting densities, planting dates and varieties as well as their interactions exhibited significant effects on all studied traits including, root length and diameter, root and top yields, sucrose content, impurities%, quality index (Qz), recoverable sugar (RS)%, and recoverable sugar yield (RSY). The highest root length and diameter from planting sugar beet at a density of 28,000 plants/feddan (Feddan = 4200 m2) in both growing seasons. Meanwhile, the highest values of the remaining studied traits were produced from cultivating sugar beet at 42,000 plants/ feddan Superiority in all studied traits was scored to the September 25th planting date. The variety Hercules surpassed the Husam variety in all the measured desirable traits in both growing seasons. Moreover, the variety Hercules produced the highest values of root and top yields, sucrose content, impurities%, quality index (Qz), recoverable sugar (RS)% and recoverable sugar yield (RSY) when planted at a planting density of 42,000 plants/ feddan on September 25th in both growing seasons.

Afield experiment was conducted at Abou El Ghar village, Kafr El Zayyat district, Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. The aim of this study to evaluate the influence of bulk and nanoparticles zinc oxide on growth and some biochemical characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The experiment was laid aut using strip-plot design with three replications. zinc oxide concentrations (control, 100, 200, 300 ppm) were arranged horizontally while nitrogen fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 Kg N/fed). Was allocated vertically.The main results could be summarized as follows:1. foliar spray of nanoparticles zinc oxide had a significant effect on root fresh weight/plant, root yield, gross sugar yield, sucrose %, and recoverable sugar % in both seasons. As well as, had a significant effect on root/top ratio, in the second season only and had a significant effect on recoverable sugar yield in the first season only. 2. The best concentration of nanoparticles zinc oxide for sugar beet was 300 ppm with the highest root and sugar yields. 3. Increasing nitrogen rates from 60 to 100 kg N/fed. significantly increased the most studied characters under study such as, root fresh weight/plant, top fresh weight/plant in the second season also, sugar beet yields (root and top) as well as sugar losses in molasses. On the other direction, quality parameters such as sucrose %, purity, quality index significantly decreased by increasing nitrogen levels as nitrogen level increased. Moreover, root/ top ratio and harvest index decreased as nitrogen level increased. 4. It could be concluded that nitrogen fertilizer level at 100 Kg N/fed. and foliar sprayed zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 300 ppm is a recommended Impact of bulk and nanoparticles zinc oxide foliar application on sugar….. ‫ــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ 95 treatment for maximizing sugar beet yield. Otherwise, fertilization sugar beet plants by 60 kg N/fed. with 200 ppm produced the highest mean values of studied quality traits.