Recovery and reusability of catalysts is an important aspect in modern catalysis research especially in organic synthesis. Compared to the conventional separation, magnetic separation has emerged as a robust, highly efficient, easy and rapid separation technique for products and catalysts. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are a well-known material, recognized as CoFe2O4MNPs, and can be used as both catalyst and a versatile support for functionalization of metals, organocatalysts. In recent times, catalysis research has clearly experienced a renaissance in the area of utility of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4MNPs) nanocatalysts based on their ability for recovery and reusability; the activity of these CoFe2O4MNPs was investigated in a category of organic reactions. In this review, the fabrication, characterization, and application of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4MNPs) nanocatalysts (CF-MNPs) in organic reactions have well summarized.
Molecules that contain polyhydroquinoline structural scaffolds are N‐containing heterocycles which are of great interest to organic chemists and biologists. Polyhydroquinoline structural scaffolds which are known as calcium channel blockers have emerged as one of the most important class of drugs used for the treatment of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. Besides, recovery and reusability of catalysts are important issues to be discussed in modern catalysis research especially in organic synthesis. The concept of magnetically recoverable catalysts has been rapidly developed in recent times. Magnetic separation is an efficient strategy for the rapid separation of catalysts from the reaction medium. Also, an alternative to time‐, solvent‐, and energy‐consuming separation techniques. In this review, we focused on the fabrication, surface‐modification and characterization of nanomagnetic materials and their application, as magnetically recoverable catalysts, in the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline structural scaffolds.
The C–S cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with thiols or sulfur sources is a key and valuable synthetic transformation in chemistry and medicine as well as in biology, and the development of novel efficient synthetic protocols for the synthesis of the corresponding products (sulfides) is highly desired. Among a wide range of catalysts used in C–S coupling reactions, metallic nanocatalysts have attracted notable interest. Herein, we summarize recent breakthroughs in the arena of metal nanocatalysts employed in C–S cross-coupling reactions with the goal of stimulating further progress in this field. This review is divided into three main sections according to the nature of the metal nanocatalysts discussed. The first section focuses on naked or purely metallic catalysts in nano-size, such as Cu, Pd, Ni, and In. The second section focuses on the role of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanomaterials, such as MCM-41 and SBA-15, as catalyst supports. Finally, the third section focuses on the catalytic activities of copper ferrite nanoparticles in C–S cross-coupling reactions. Additionally, the recovery and reusability of the nanocatalyst, which are very important from commercial and economical points of view, are comprehensively discussed in this review.
Compounds containing sulfur–sulfur bonds (often called disulfides or more specifically disulfanes) are arguably one of the most valuable functional groups in organic synthetic chemistry. They exist extensively in nature, in which they exhibit important biological activities. Furthermore, a diverse range of natural and synthetic disulfides have been discovered that have many applications as pharmaceutical and agriculture chemicals as well as synthetic intermediates. Since thiols are commercially accessible or easily synthesizable materials and their choice as starting materials is widely reported for the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds, unsurprisingly the oxidative coupling of thiols is the best and simplest route for the preparation of disulfides. In recent times, nanocatalysts have shown excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the oxidation of thiols to disulfides. Herein, we summarize the recently reported breakthroughs in the use of nanocatalysts for the oxidative coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides, with the goal of stimulating further progress in this field.
The sulfoxidation of sulfides have received special attention in organic synthesis especially in medical chemistry because compounds containing S=O bonds (sulfoxides) are privileged structural scaffolds for building pharmacologically and biologically active molecules. Magnetic separation is an efficient strategy for the rapid separation of catalysts from reaction medium and an alternative to time-, solvent-, and energy-consuming separation techniques. In recent times, many protocols based on using magnetically recoverable nano-catalysts have been reported for the oxidation of sulfides to the sulfoxides. This review is focused on metal complexes, acid, and bromine reagents supported on magnetic nanoparticles and their applications as magnetically recoverable nano-catalysts in the sulfoxidation reactions.
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