ResumoComposição das espécies de Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) em habitats com diferentes níveis de atividade antropogênica. Coletamos espécies de Anastrepha em três áreas (ambiente urbano, estação de pesquisa e agricultura) e comparamos as comunidades por índices faunísticos (dominância, abundância, frequência e constância). A diversidade de espécies foi estimada usando a estatística Q e calculando os índices Shannon, Margalef Pielou e Berger-Parker. A semelhança entre as áreas foi baseada nos coeficientes de Sørensen e Bray-Curtis. As áreas do ambiente urbano e da estação de pesquisa apresentaram maior diversidade e similaridade de espécies de Anastrepha. A composição das espécies diferiu entre as áreas, com predominância de A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) nas três áreas. Os padrões de distribuição não diferiram depois de ajustar as séries geométricas. A área agrícola era a mais diversificada e mais parecida com a área urbana em termos de abundância. A área urbana e a estação de pesquisa eram as mais diversas e eram semelhantes em composição de espécies de Anastrepha. Apesar de estarem sujeitos a diferentes níveis de perturbação humana, esses resultados sugerem que o padrão de abundância e distribuição de espécies de Anastrepha é semelhante nas três áreas. Palavras-chave: AbstractWe collected Anastrepha species in three areas (urban, research station, agricultural) and compared communities by faunal indices (dominance, abundance, frequency, and constancy). Species diversity was estimated using the Q-statistic and by calculating Shannon, Margalef Pielou and Berger-Parker indices. Similarity among areas was based on Sørensen and Bray-Curtis coefficients. The urban and research station areas presented greater diversity and similarity of Anastrepha species. Species composition differed between areas, with predominance of A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) in the three areas. Distribution patterns did not differ after adjusting the geometric series. The agricultural area was the least diverse and more closely resembled the urban area in terms of abundance. The urban area and research station were the most diverse, and were similar in composition of Anastrepha species. Despite being subject to different levels of human disturbance, these results suggest that the abundance and distribution pattern of Anastrepha species are similar in all three areas.
Euseius concordis (Chant) is an important predatory mite found in citrus orchards. The toxicity of 19 pesticides used in citrus orchards on biological and population parameters of this mite was assessed. Our results indicated that formetanate hydrochloride, dimethoate and phosmet were highly harmful (100% mortality) to E. concordis. Carbosulfan, diflubenzuron, fenpropathrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, mineral and vegetable oils, spinosad and thiamethoxam reduced the female's survival and/or fecundity, and were moderately harmful to E. concordis. Besides the acute toxicity, carbosulfan and formetanate hydrochloride were highly persistent [>30 days after spraying (DAS)]; dimethoate was moderately persistent (16-30 DAS); spinosad, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam were slightly persistent (5-15 DAS); and the other pesticides were considered to be short-lived (<5 DAS). All compounds except lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam increased the pre-oviposition period in the female offspring. Carbosulfan, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, mineral and vegetable oils, pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide reduced offspring fecundity, whereas thiamethoxam increased the fecundity. Mineral and vegetable oils reduced female longevity of the predator mite. Regarding population effects, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam led to an increase in net reproductive rate (R ), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of E. concordis. Diflubenzuron, etofenprox, and mineral and vegetable oils reduced R , r and λ. All pesticides except beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin and imidacloprid reduced the mean generation time (T) of the predator. Therefore, semi-field and field studies are needed to assess the compatibility of these compounds with E. concordis before adoption in IPM programs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.