Human bodily mechanisms and functions produce low-frequency vibrations. Our ability to perceive these vibrations is limited by our range of hearing. However, in-ear infrasonic hemodynography (IH) can measure low-frequency vibrations (<20 Hz) created by vital organs as an acoustic waveform. This is captured using a technology that can be embedded into wearable devices such as in-ear headphones. IH can acquire sound signals that travel within arteries, fluids, bones, and muscles in proximity to the ear canal, allowing for measurements of an individual’s unique audiome. We describe the heart rate and heart rhythm results obtained in time-series analysis of the in-ear IH data taken simultaneously with ECG recordings in two dedicated clinical studies. We demonstrate a high correlation (r = 0.99) between IH and ECG acquired interbeat interval and heart rate measurements and show that IH can continuously monitor physiological changes in heart rate induced by various breathing exercises. We also show that IH can differentiate between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm with performance similar to ECG. The results represent a demonstration of IH capabilities to deliver accurate heart rate and heart rhythm measurements comparable to ECG, in a wearable form factor. The development of IH shows promise for monitoring acoustic imprints of the human body that will enable new real-time applications in cardiovascular health that are continuous and noninvasive.
Seismic wave attenuation has strong, negative effect on the seismic data resolution. The high influence of this phenomenon was observed during realization of seismic survey Du¿a Wólka 3D (Geofizyka Kraków S.A. 2010a). The resolution of recorded seismic data was very low due to high attenuation caused by the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein sandstones. In consequence, interpretation of the thin-layered Zechstein formation is ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to present the multi-stage algorithm for the purpose of minimizing the attenuation effect, hence increasing the resolution of the seismic data. In order to achieve this, the inverse Q filtering process was used. The Q factor (quality factor) was estimated from the vertical seismic profiling data (Geofizyka Kraków S.A. 2010c). To verify the effectiveness of inverse Q filtering, seismic modelling was performed. Results received from seismic modelling gave basis for application the inverse Q filtering on real data. For this operation the seismic time profile inline 112 was chosen from the seismic data set Du¿a Wólka 3D. Application of inverse Q filtering significantly increased the seismic resolution, which enabled the interpretation of the Zechstein formation with more accuracy.
Since its introduction in Poland in 1923, land consolidation has continuously been an instrument for improving the farmland planning, thus creating the best possible production conditions in agricultural areas. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the current regulations on land consolidation, in particular to answer the question whether and to what extent this solution serves the efficiency of land management in rural areas, and to what extent it fulfils the objectives set by the legislator in relation to: land management in rural areas, taking into account their production capacity for agriculture and other use; improvement of spatial organization; enabling sustainable development of rural areas and protection of natural resources. The study refers to the guides of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for national legislators designing legal solutions for land consolidation. In conclusion, the author calls for the work to be initiated on a new model of land consolidation or, more broadly, a regulation relating to the management of rural areas
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