Introduction: In the scenario of vitamin D deficiency, this incident is prevalent and with risks to public health in the world, reaching approximately 90% of individuals. Hypovitaminosis D can cause, mainly in the elderly, lower bone mineral density, fractures, muscle weakness, falls, and acute respiratory infection. Objective: To evaluate the main clinical results on vitamin D levels in the elderly, as well as to analyze which daily or weekly dose of vitamin D is most effective in the elderly in reducing the number of falls and fractures. Methods: The present study developed a systematic review, addressing randomized clinical studies, diverse clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the latest international consensus, following the rules of PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 152 articles were found involving the dosage and the impact of vitamin D in the elderly. In total, 72 articles were evaluated in full and 30 were included. According to the main literary findings, vitamin D deficiency implies problems with mineralization and bone mineral density, causing fractures and an increase in the number of elderly falls. In this sense, SBEM recommends maintaining vitamin D concentrations above 30 ng/mL. Also, vitamin D deficiency points to the occurrence of neurological diseases such as cognitive decline, risk of Alzheimer's disease, and depression. In the current scenario of the pandemic, vitamin D points as an important modulator of the immune system, and its deficiency promotes the unregulated release of cytokines, leading to complications in patients with COVID-19.
The annual incidence of new cases of osteosarcoma (OS) affects about 0.7 million people, is more frequent in males and in the third and fourth decade of life the average age of highest incidence. Since the involvement of maxillofacial region is rare, around 6.0% of all cases of OS. The aim of this study was to report a case of osteosarcoma in the mandible, describing its clinical, imaging and histopathological. Patient female, 20 years old, leucoderma, searched for referral to a specialized clinic in Surgery and Traumatology Oral and maxillofacial. Increased volume of the anterior mandible region with a history of 3-4 months has been presented in the case below. Surgical excision margin of safety is the main treatment for OS with local recurrence in approximately 60% of patients, usually during the first year after treatment. Survival rates at 5 years are reported with an average of 43% for OS gnathic. It concludes that OS is an aggressive and rare cancer in maxillofacial region, where surgical excision is the best treatment, with high probability of relapse in the first year.
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