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Introduction: Hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent and constitutes a public health problem worldwide. It can affect more than 90% of individuals, depending on the population studied. Objective: To make a broad analysis of the world literature to compose the State of the Art on serum vitamin D levels and its adequate supplementation, to prevent and mitigate various diseases, based on randomized clinical studies, analysis, and latest international conferences and consensus. Methods: The present study followed a literary review of randomized clinical studies, meta-analysis, and the latest international consensus. Cochrane instrument was adopted to assess the quality of the included studies between 2015 and 2020. Major considerations and conclusion: Laboratory evaluation should be performed by measuring 25(OH)D, and the main groups of individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency are the elderly, patients with osteoporosis, history of falls and fractures, obese, pregnant women, and infants. For patients with osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures, recommended that concentrations of 25(OH)D remain above 30 ng/mL for full benefits on the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism, decreased risk of falls. Special considerations must have taken to pregnant women and infants, in patients with chronic renal failure, obese patients, and those undergoing bariatric surgery. Several clinical studies and current meta-analysis have shown significant results with vitamin D supplementation in cardiovascular complications, diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, cognitive function, among others, with doses above 30 ng/mL, reaching up to 70 ng/mL, and maintaining serum dosage at 50 ng/mL.

Statistical data from studies on the effectiveness of probiotics do not follow a normal distribution, as the literary findings have decisive results correlate because of the difficulty of controlling the variables in each study. Probiotics have been used as flora modulator in response to oral health. The apparent results are considered from some microbiological factors (individual biofilm) that insert in individuals more or less susceptible groups to caries, periodontitis and halitosis. Nevertheless it is noteworthy that the use and the potential of probiotics are arguably directly proportional to other health conditions. Among these the socio-economic conditions stand out, those are rarely covered by research of this nature. This study aimed to track down several scientific studies that link positive and negative factors about the action of probiotics on pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The methodology consisted of the advanced search in databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs and various universities platforms, using the Mesh Terms: Probiotics, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Oral Pathology Microorganisms, Oral Health and Probiotics and Effects of Positive and Negative Oral probiotics. For the probiotic to be able to exert an anticariogenic effect; primarily the bacteria must be capable of adhering to the dental surface; second, it must become part of the biofilm; and finally, it must compete with cariogenic bacteria reducing the level of colonization of these. It was concluded that through pre-clinical and clinical action of probiotics on pathogenic microorganisms there is still enlightening results about the efficacy of probiotics, making it necessary to increase randomized multicenter studies.

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Scaffolds of chitosan and collagen can offer a biological niche for the growth of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC). The objective of this work was to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the scaffolds and the ADSC, as well as their interactions to direct influences of the scaffolds on the behavior of ADSC. The methodology included an enzymatic treatment of fat obtained by liposuction by collagenase, ASDC immunophenotyping, cell growth kinetics, biocompatibility studies of the scaffolds analyzed by the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), nitric oxide (NO) determination by the Griess-Saltzman reaction, and images of both optical and scanning electron microscopy of the matrices. The extent of the crosslinking of genipin and glutaraldehyde was evaluated by ninhydrin assays, solubility tests and degradation of the matrices. The results showed that the matrices are biocompatible, exhibit physical and chemical properties needed to house cells in vivo and are strong stimulators of signaling proteins (AP) and other molecules (NO) which are important in tissue healing. Therefore, the matrices provide a biological niche for ADSC adhesion, proliferation and cells activities.

Introduction: Endodontic treatment of necrotic permanent teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis requires professional expertise, especially when the patient is an adult, with a history of trauma. Calcium hydroxide specification has drawbacks. Synthetic apical barriers with a variety of materials were proposed as alternatives to the traditional method of treating necrotic teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis. HP PBS cement mainly contains the biocompatibility and bioactivity properties, which enable it to be used in these cases as a single shutter material in a single session. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the rehabilitation and regeneration of periapical tooth tissues with necrotic incomplete rhizogenesis after endodontic obturation using PBS® HP non-conventional biological cement. Case report: This report presents the case of an adult patient with apical lesion, fistula and incomplete rhizogenesis in the tooth 2.2. The initial diagnosis was by periapical radiography. The mechanical chemical preparation of the root canal and filling with PBS® HP cement was performed as a single element. Six months later, the patient underwent re-preservation, which identified the rehabilitation of the tooth and periapical tissues. Conclusion: PBS® HP cement has determined regeneration of periapical tissues and may be indicated as a synthetic barrier in necrotic teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis.