Effect of immunonutrition on serum levels of C-reactive protein and lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19: a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial Efecto de la inmunonutrición sobre los niveles séricos de proteína Creactiva y linfocitos en pacientes con COVID-19: ensayo clínico doble ciego, controlado y aleatorio

RESUMO Introdução: O azeite de oliva é reconhecido devido a suas propriedades antioxidantes de forma a ser incorporado na culinária, contudo, a forma mais utilizada do azeite é na apresentação fria. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar as modificações de propriedades do azeite de oliva após cozimento e fritura. Métodos: Pesquisa ativa de artigos nas bases científicas nacionais e internacionais, cobrindo os anos de 1990 a 2015. Resultados: O azeite de oliva apresenta discretas perdas das propriedades antioxidantes e mudanças pequenas no perfil lipídico após o aquecimento em temperaturas elevadas, contudo apresenta grande estabilidade comparada a demais tipos de óleos, praticamente não levando à formação de compostos tóxicos. Conclusão: Pode-se utilizar azeite de oliva em preparações aquecidas, pois são preservadasboa parte de suas características benéficas e, após aquecimento, as mesmas mantêm-se superiores aos demais óleos.

Significance: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many risks to public health, affecting 39.6% of American adults and 18.5% of young people. Brazil ranks fifth in the world ranking, with about 18 million obese people. It is estimated that 415 million people live with diabetes in the world, which is roughly 1 in 11 of the world's adult population. This is expected to rise to 642 million people living with diabetes worldwide by 2040. In this scenario, Melatonin has evidenced an important function in the regulation of energy metabolism. Objective: to carry out a broad narrative review of the literature on the main aspects of the influence of melatonin on Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Methods: Article reviews, systematic reviews, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans recently published were selected and analyzed. A total of 368 articles were collated and submitted to the eligibility analysis. Subsequently, 215 studies were selected to compose the textual part of the manuscript and 153 to compose the Narrative Review. Results and final considerations: Studies suggest a possible role of melatonin in metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies using this hormone in metabolic diseases are still unclear regarding a possible benefit of it. There is so far no consensus about a possible role of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies are necessary to define possible risks and benefits of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

Introduction: Hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent and constitutes a public health problem worldwide. It can affect more than 90% of individuals, depending on the population studied. Objective: To make a broad analysis of the world literature to compose the State of the Art on serum vitamin D levels and its adequate supplementation, to prevent and mitigate various diseases, based on randomized clinical studies, analysis, and latest international conferences and consensus. Methods: The present study followed a literary review of randomized clinical studies, meta-analysis, and the latest international consensus. Cochrane instrument was adopted to assess the quality of the included studies between 2015 and 2020. Major considerations and conclusion: Laboratory evaluation should be performed by measuring 25(OH)D, and the main groups of individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency are the elderly, patients with osteoporosis, history of falls and fractures, obese, pregnant women, and infants. For patients with osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures, recommended that concentrations of 25(OH)D remain above 30 ng/mL for full benefits on the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism, decreased risk of falls. Special considerations must have taken to pregnant women and infants, in patients with chronic renal failure, obese patients, and those undergoing bariatric surgery. Several clinical studies and current meta-analysis have shown significant results with vitamin D supplementation in cardiovascular complications, diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, cognitive function, among others, with doses above 30 ng/mL, reaching up to 70 ng/mL, and maintaining serum dosage at 50 ng/mL.

Resumo Objetivo Estabelecer um posicionamento a fim de padronizar as recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia quanto ao manejo da deficiência de vitamina D na prática clínica, em relação aos critérios de investigação, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção. Métodos Foi realizada revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, até julho de 2019. Resultados Considerando-se as novas informações obtidas da literatura em relação aos guidelines americanos e brasileiros já conhecidos, os autores redigiram o presente posicionamento que foi aprovado pela diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia. Conclusões Após extensa análise crítica da literatura recente, foi apresentada uma atualização científica sobre a hipovitaminose D, que resultou no presente posicionamento e recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia sobre o manejo da deficiência de vitamina D no Brasil.

RESUMO ObjetivoEstabelecer consenso sobre o manejo da dislipidemia secundária à obesidade infanto-juvenil. Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo e LILACS. Com base nas evidências científicas, o grupo de trabalho estabeleceu as condutas recomendadas pelo Departamento de Nutrologia Pediátrica da ABRAN. Resultados Os autores redigiram o consenso que foi aprovado pela Diretoria da Associação Brasileira de Nutrologia -ABRAN. Conclusões São apresentadas, com base nas evidências científicas, as recomendações para a condução dos casos de dislipidemia associados à obesidade na infância e adolescência.Palavras-Chave: Dislipidemia, lipídeos, aterosclerose, crianças e adolescentes. INTRODUÇÃOA obesidade é um fenômeno global, cuja prevalência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas, chegando a assumir caráter de epidemia. Dados recentes confirmam o crescimento acelerado de indivíduos com excesso de peso também na população infanto-juvenil, que apresenta prevalência de sobrepeso de 31,6% nos Estados Unidos 1 . No Brasil, segundo os últimos dados do IBGE, 51,4% dos meninos e 43,8% das meninas entre 5 e 9 anos de idade apresentam excesso de peso, números que mostram a importância desta entidade mórbida na esfera da saúde pública 1, 2 . O acúmulo de gordura

Introduction: Truck drivers are of great importance to the Brazilian economy. The exorbitant workload and long periods away from home are causes of the adoption of unhealthy eating habits, such as the intake of foods that are sources of lipids with high caloric value. Extensive travel contributes to a sedentary lifestyle. This causes health damage and comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, stress, and depression. Based on these considerations, the present study evaluates the nutritional profile of truck drivers. Objective: It was to evaluate the food quality of truck drivers in the Center-South Geoeconomic Region of the country, comparing the portions of macronutrients consumed with those recommended by the Brazilian Food Pyramid. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study. The consumption of macronutrients by 100 truck drivers from the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás was qualitatively evaluated. The research used 24-hour food recalls, completed online, via Google Forms, between June and September 2020. Statistical analysis was obtained by calculating the Wilcoxon's non-parametric test to compare the medians of ingested portions and the ideas. Results: The Wilcoxon test identified significant differences between the number of servings consumed by truck drivers and the recommended ideal with regard to fruits, vegetables/vegetables, oils/fats, meats/eggs, sweets/sugars, milk, cheese and derivatives (p<0.0001). Only the portions of carbohydrates were in accordance with the nutritional recommendations, that is, six portions a day (ns). In the class of sugars and sweets, consumption four times higher than recommended was observed. In the meat and eggs category, consumption was double the ideal. In oils and fats, triple the recommended value. The consumption of milk and dairy products is three times less than ideal, such as vegetables. Finally, the average value of fruit portions eaten by truck drivers was zero, while the recommended value is three. Conclusion: Among the food groups analyzed, carbohydrates were the only group in which consumption was adequate. There was a significant excess of sweets and fats intake by truck drivers, when compared to the ideal amount indicated by the food pyramid. The intake of milk and dairy products, vegetables and legumes was deficient, three times lower than recommended. Fruits counted as a median intake value of zero servings.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, considered the rheumatic condition with the greatest consequences in terms of socioeconomic impacts, especially knee osteoarthritis since it makes walking difficult. To date, there is no cure for OA, so available treatments aim to reduce symptoms such as pain and inflammation, maintain joint mobility, and limit the loss of function. As OA has a known inflammatory component, it is believed that nutrition can play a vital role in the prevention and ongoing management of OA. This article aims to analyze the available evidence in the prevention and treatment of knee OA with a dietary intervention that may play a potential role in the management of the disease. To carry out this literature review, articles were searched in the Scielo, Pubmed, and Bireme databases with the time frame of the last 10 years. The results showed that some nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants are widely discussed in the literature in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Management of free radicals is necessary and the influence of nutrients and diet on cartilage and OA metabolism may represent a long-term adjuvant alternative in the treatment of patients with knee OA. Effects of dietary modifications on lipid and cholesterol profiles, adequate vitamin levels, and weight reduction in obese patients may influence the course of the disease.