This research aims to determine the effect of oats addition in wheat cookies formulation seen from physical and sensory characteristics. Six formulations used in this research consist of wheat flour and oats mixture namely Control (100%:0%), Formulation 1 (80%:20%), Formulation 2 (60%:40%), Formulation 3 (40%:60%), Formulation 4 (20%:80%), and Formulation 5 (0%:100%). Based on analysis of variance result at α = 5%, there was a significant difference in the value of hardness and work from control and all variation of cookies’ formulation. It was also found that the decreasing composition of wheat flour and increasing composition of oats caused a decrease in the value of hardness and work. The addition of oats in the formulation of wheat cookies increases the level of brightness (L), decreases the value of a* (red tone), and increases the value of b* (yellow tone) of cookies. From sensory evaluation, compared to controls, the addition of oats in the formulation increased the acceptance rating for color parameter for all formulation, taste parameter for Formulation 2 until 5, and overall parameter for Formulation 2 and 3, while for the texture parameter, the addition of oats did not provide an increased in the acceptance rating.
Honey is a kind of food that used widely in culinary and health fields. Honey contains 50.90%–53.60% of glucose and fructose. The heating process in food would slightly convert sugars in honey to caramel. In food products, the caramel was used as a flavoring and coloring agent. Sugar degradation products formed during caramelization could contribute to antioxidants activity of honey caramel. Therefore, this study aims to identify the color development in honey caramel and antioxidant activity from honey caramelization. Antioxidant activity was analyzed with DPPH and color was analyzed by chromameter. The result showed that L*, a*, and b* value decreased as the temperatures increased. The inhibition result from light caramel 12.816%, medium caramel 29.098%, and dark caramel 33.533%. The antioxidant capacity increased as the color darkened and the temperature increased. Based on correlation analysis, there was significant value 0.058, α=0.1 between a* and b* value and antioxidant activity. Blue-green low molecular weight compounds that formed during the caramelization process could contribute to dark color and antioxidant capacity in honey caramel.
Chocolate is cacao nib processed product which is favorite commodity in the world, nevertheless, many of consumer have not known about the process. Notable stage in cacao processing is roaster process. Cacao roasting process currently uses conventional methods, which have weaknesses like energy wastage and bioactive compounds damage. Vacuum drying oven is new roasting method which uses low pressure and temperature. Through this research, the difference of aroma development between roasting process on conventional and vacuum drying oven method was investigated. Roasted cacao was extracted by water distillation, then distillate was separated by diethyl ether partition. The extract was characterized with GC-MS. The Characterization result shown that temperature 70°C contained 11 volatile compounds and temperature 80°C, 90°C and 140°C contained 7 volatile compounds. The higher roasting temperature, the more diverse of volatile compound. The best result in cacao roasting was on vacuum drying oven at 90°C, which has similar aroma with 140°C as control sample.
Curcuma aeruginosa is one of the herbs with health benefits and has been used in traditional medicine, has the characteristic bitter taste, so that limited use was. The formation of walls in the active component coating process can minimize direct contact of bitter receptor cells in the oral peripherals so the perception of bitterness can be reduced. This study used a variation of the WPI concentration as the coating wall materials 10%, 15% and 20%. Formation of coating walls was analyzed using SEM later in the sensory test for effectiveness decreased level of bitterness. The addition of 10% WPI results in the best wall formation was in Curcuma aeruginosa, which could decrease perception of significant bitterness. In contrast to the addition of WPI 15% and 20% were found in an oval shape, craters and ruptures form on coating wall, reducing the protection of the core component and contact with bitter receptor cells in the oral peripheral resulting in bitters taste perception increasing.
Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is a plant growing in tropical areas and previously known as an ornamental plant, but then later used as medicinal plant. Previous researches found that red betel leaves contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and many more that have potential to be used as antioxidant. The extractions were carried out using variations of solvent types (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate) and feed to solvent (F:S) ratios in g/ml (F:S=1:20, F:S=1:25, F:S=1:30). The best conditions from this research were the usage of ethanol as the solvent. In addition to its ability to extract the compounds potential as antioxidant and F:S ratio of 1:30, it could give highest yield of extract. Variation of solvent type and variation of F:S have significant effect on the value of antioxidant activity (IC50) of the red betel leaf sample.
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